Preschoolers: Growth and Development

Vocabulary flashcards covering the physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and nutritional development of preschoolers as detailed in the lecture transcript.

Preschooler Weight Gain

Average gain of $2-3\,lbs$ per year.

Preschooler Height Growth

Average increase of $2.5-3.5\,in$ per year.

Preschooler Physical Stance

Characterized as being graceful and erect.

Preschooler Dental Development

Primary teeth eruption is finalized by the beginning of the preschool years.

3-year-old Motor Skills

Uses a fork and rides a tricycle.

4-year-old Motor Skills

Catches a large ball, pours a drink with supervision, and holds a pencil between the finger and thumb.

5-year-old Motor Skills

Buttons buttons, hops/skips, throws a ball, and laces shoes.

Preoperational Phase

develop the ability to use symbols to represent objects and ideas, leading to rapid language growth and rich pretend play

Intuitive Thought

characterized by social awareness, considering different viewpoints, and making judgments based on visual appearances.

Magical Thinking

The belief that one's thoughts can cause events to happen.

Animism

The practice of attributing lifelike qualities to inanimate objects.

Centration

The cognitive tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation or object.

Preschooler Time Perception

Understanding the sequence of daily events and explaining time in relation to those events.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The psychosocial conflict for preschoolers who are energetic learners but may feel guilt if their misbehavior occurs or they lack the ability to succeed.

Moral Development (Ages 2-4)

Actions are based on whether they will result in a reward or a punishment.

Older Preschooler Moral Development

Actions are taken based on personal needs, though the child understands concepts of justice and fairness.

Associative Play

Age-appropriate activities such as playing ball, dress up, pretend, painting, and reading books.

Daily Protein Requirement

$13-19\,g$ per day.

Daily Calcium Requirement

$700-1000\,mg$ per day.

Daily Fiber Requirement

$19-25\,g$ per day.

5-2-0-1 meaning

Includes 5 servings of fruit, $2\,hr$ or less of screen time, 0 sweetened drinks, and $1\,hr$ of physical activity.

Preschooler Sleep Requirement

$12\,hr$ of sleep per day with infrequent naps.

Injury Prevention

Focuses on preventing bodily harm, burns, drowning, and Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) through measures like booster seats.