FRQ AP Env Sci

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas formed from the incomplete burning of carbon-containing materials.

Health Issues from CO Exposure

Can lead to poisoning resulting in headaches, dizziness, confusion, and sometimes death.

Solutions to Reduce CO Emissions

Improvement of ventilation, appliance maintenance, and avoiding idling car garages.

Coal Pollution

Pollutants released during coal burning can lead to climate change, acid rain, and ozone depletion.

Ways to Reduce Coal Pollution

Improving energy efficiency, using renewable energy, and reducing methane emissions.

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

Includes both Nitric Oxide (NO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2); primarily formed from combustion processes.

Issues from NOx

Can cause respiratory problems, irritate asthma, and contribute to acid rain and ozone formation.

Solutions to Reduce NOx Emissions

Switching to cleaner fuels, optimizing combustion, and promoting sustainable transportation.

Ozone (O3)

A gas made of three oxygen atoms; can be a natural atmospheric component or a harmful pollutant.

How Ozone is Formed

Formed when ultraviolet radiation splits O2 into atoms that recombine to create O3.

Health Issues from Ozone Pollution

Can cause lung damage, chest pain, and worsen respiratory conditions like asthma.

Independent Variable

A variable in an experiment whose variation does not depend on another variable.

Dependent Variable

A variable in an experiment whose value depends on another variable.

Control Group

The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being tested.

Experimental Group

The group of participants receiving the variable being tested in an experiment.

Constants

Factors that do not change during an experiment.

Percent Change Formula

The formula for percent change is (New - Original) ÷ Original x 100.