GEN CHEM FLASHCARDS FOR EXAM 1

Ch 1-3.7

metal + nonmetal

metal nonmetal-ide

transition metal + nonmetal

transition metal(charge)nonmetal-ide

metal + polyatomic ion

Metal (charge) polyatomic ion

nonmetal +nonmetal

prefix- nonmetal nonmetal-suffix

acids

ate - ic acid

ite - ous acid

oxoacids

hydro - anion - ic acid

alkanes

prefix-ane

methane

CH4

ethane

C2H6

propane

C3H8

butane

C4H10

heptane

C7H16

hexane

C6H14

pentane

C5H12

octane

C8H18

hydrocarbons formula

C(number of carbons) H(2n+2)

energy of photon equation

wavelength equation

λ = hc / E

rydberg equation

1/λ = R(1/nf² - 1/ni²)

unit for wavelength (unless stated otherwise)

meters

energy equation

E = hv or E = hc/λ

kinetic energy

KE = ½mv² = hv - Φ

KE = Ephoton - work function

KE = (hc / λ ) - work function

energy change equation

En = -R(1/n²)

R value for Bohr’s equation

2.18E-18

ionization energy

(1/f² - 1/λR) = 1/n²

de Broglie equation

λ = h/p = h/mv

heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

it is impossible to know both momentum and position of a particle with absolute certainty

mass must always be measured in:

kg

velocity must always be measured in:

m/s

uncertainty equation

ΔxΔp ≥ h/4π

Δx - (change in uncertainty in position)

Δp - (change in uncertainty in momentum)

node

area where amplitude is at a minimum

schrodinger’s equation is used for:

radial probability density

n

principle quantum number

l

-angular momentum number (n-1)

-also number of angular nodes

magentic quantum number

ml

allowed values for ml

-l, -l+1, 0, l-1, l

s orbital corresponding value

0

p orbital corresponding value

1

d orbital corresponding value

2

f orbitalcorresponding value

3

radial nodes

n - l -1

s

px

py

pz

dxy

dxz

dyz

dx²-y²

dz²

spin quantum number

ms

energy of hydrogen electron

En = -R(z²/n²)

electron configuration sequence

1s² 2s² 2p^6 3s² 3p^6 4s² 3d^10 5s²…

degeneracy

equivalency of energy

effective nuclear charge equation

atomic number - core electrons

core electrons

all electrons that are NOT in highest shell

valence electrons

all electrons in HIGHEST shell

how should an orbital diagram be filled

with all up arrows, and then down-facing pairs

what happens in an excited atom

the previous shell jumps to the highest level without filling its shell

Do iso-electronic atoms have the same effective nuclear energy?

No, they are all different, depending on the atom

What do iso-electronic atoms have in common

same number of valence electron

mono-

1

di-

2

tri-

3

tetra-

4

penta-

5

hexa-

6

hepta-

7

octa-

8

nona-

9

deca-

10

naming hydrated compounds

ionic compound prefix-hydrate

leading zeros

NEVER significant

trailing zeros

significant if there is a DECIMAL

trapped zeros

ALWAYS significant

accuracy

how close measurements are to true value

precision

refers to how close measurements are to each other

atoms to moles

divide by avogadro’s number

moles to atoms

multiply by avogadro’s number

density equation

mass / volume

moles to grams

multiply moles by molar mass

grams to moles

divide mass by molar mass

percent abundance equation

(x)(isotope A) + (1-x)(isotope B)

then multiply by 100 to get percentage

number of neutrons

atomic mass - atomic number

alkenes

contain one or more carbon-double bonds

alkynes

contain one or more triple bonds

mnemonic for remembering wavelength spectrum

Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using X-Ray Guns

max number of electrons

2n²

tera

10^12

giga

10^9

mega

10^6

kilo

10³

deci

10^-1

centi

10^-2

milli

10^-3

micro

10^-6

nano

10^-9

pico

10^-12

femto

10^-15

alkali metals

group 1