Retrieval Failure

why may forgetting occur

lack of cues

what happens when information is initially stored

cues are also stored

what happens when cues are not available at time of recall

may not be able to access memories that are there- retrieval failure

how did Baddely and Godden test this

gave a list of words to deep-sea divers to remember

what were the conditions/environment for Baddely and Godden

1. learn on land-recall on land

2. learn on land-recall underwater

3. learn underwater-recall underwater

4. learn underwater- recall on land

1 and 3 are matched and 2 and 4 are mismatched

Baddely and Godden finding

recall was much lower 32% in mismatched conditioned

what does Baddely and Godden show

extranal cues available at learning were different from those available at recall, leading to recall failure

what did Carter and Cassaday do

gave ppt an antihistamine drug

what did the ppt have to do on the drug or off it

learn a list of words

what were Carter and Cassaday conditions

1. Learn about a drug- recalled on drug

2.  Learn on drug- recall of drug

3.  learn off drug- recall off drug

4.  Learn about drugs- recall on drugs.

findings for Carter and Cassaday

mismatch setting performance worse