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How do cells communicate
cell-to-cell connect or chemical signaling
What do signal transduction pathways do
link signal reception with cellular responses
What are included in signal transduction pathways
protein modification and phosphorylation cascades
What does the ligand-binding domain or a receptor do
recognize a specific chemical messenger
What do signaling cascades do
relay signals from receptors to cell targets with amplification (i.e cell growth, secretion of molecules, gene expression)
What do signal transduction pathways influence
cell response to the environment
What can signal transduction result in
changes to gene expression and cell function altering phenotypes or apoptosis
How can mutations effect downstream componets
altering the subsequent transduction of the signal
How can chemicals interfere with the signaling pathway
activate or inhibit the pathway
How do organism use feedback mechansims
maintain internal environments and respond to internal and external environmental changes
how do negative feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis
regulating physiological processes
What are the cell cycle sequential stages
interphase (G!, S, G2) mitosis, and cytokinesis
What is G0
cell is held in a particular phase until cued to release
What is mitosis
transfer of a complete, exact genome from parent cell to two daughter cells
What does mitosis aid with
growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction
What are the sequential series of steps in mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What controls the cell cycle
interaction between cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases
What are results of disruptions to the cell cycle
cancer or apoptosis
Note 
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