exam 5

infection

multiplication of any parasitic organism in/on organism

disease

any condition in which normal structure or function of the body is damaged or impaired

communicable

sickness that can be transmitted (cause sickness)

contagious

highly communicable disease especially among children

zoonosis

transmissible animal disease

pathogens

microbes that cause infection or disease

have reservoirs

primary habitats in the natural world

living (humans, animals) or nonliving (soil, water)

signs

can be measured but symptoms cannot

syndrome

group of signs symptoms associated with a particular condition

nosocomial

acquired in a health care facility

exoenzymes

enzymes that help invasion

Coagulase → clots blood

Streptokinase → dissolves clots

Hyaluronidase → breaks tissue

koch postulates

isolate pathogen

grow in culture

infect healthy host

same disease occurs

re-isolate pathogen

microbiome

normal microbes on the body

prevents invasion, helps digestion

pathogen

microbes that cause infection or disease

Epidemiology

the science of public health

attachment to host (adhesions)

uses adhesions

bacteria use fimbriae, cell surface proteins or capsule/slimes to stick

requires compatible host receptor

portal of exit

secretions excretions discharges dead tissue

exits skin body orifices wounds blood suckers

virulence factors

structures or characteristics that help microbe cause disease

adhesions, biofilms, enzymes, toxins

endemic

continuously present usually at low levels

sporadic

occasional random unpredictable

pandemic and epidemic

pandemic world wide epidemic

epidemic rapidly increasing incidence

contact direct transmission

person to person contact (touch intercourse)

vector transmission

requires animal contact

mechanical vector carries pathogen on body

biological vector part of pathogen cycle

morbidity

prevalence: total cases

incidence- new cases over a period of time

mortality rate- death due to certain disease

vehicle transmission

through food water, aerosol, also blood serum tissue

passive carrier vs active carrier

carriers may transmit infection but not show signs symptoms

passive carrier may transmit infection mechanically

active carrier may be infected and transmit the disease