Physics Mechanics

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Last updated 8:02 PM on 6/2/26
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22 Terms

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Speed
A scalar quantity, distance covered per unit time.
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Velocity
A vector, displacement per unit time.
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Instantaneous Velocity
The average velocity measured over an infinitesimally short time interval.
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Acceleration
A vector, the rate of change of velocity.
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Instantaneous Acceleration
The average acceleration measured over an infinitesimally short time interval.
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Newton’s First Law
Everybody continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force.
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Newton’s Second Law
The resultant force acting on a body is proportional to the rate of change of its momentum.
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Newton’s Third Law
When one body exerts a force on another, the second exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
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Newton’s Third Law (Momentum Form)
When two bodies exert action and reaction forces on each other, their changes of momentum are equal and opposite.
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Force
The rate of change of momentum.
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Principle of Conservation of Momentum
The total momentum of an isolated system is constant. An isolated system is one on which no external force acts.
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Centre of Gravity
The point at which the whole weight of a body may be considered to act.
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Moment
A measure of the turning effect of a force, which is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot.
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Couple
Consists of two equal forces acting in opposite directions whose lines of action do not coincide.
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Torque of a Couple
A measure of the turning effect of the couple, which is the product of one of the forces and the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of the forces.
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Work Done
The product of force and distance moved in the direction of the force.
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Principle of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be changed from one form to another.
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Power
The rate of doing work (work done per unit time).
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Energy
The ability to do work.
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Potential Energy
The energy stored in a body due to change of position or shape.
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Kinetic Energy
The energy stored in a body due to its motion.
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Efficiency
Useful energy output ÷ total energy input.