Vitamins and Minerals Quiz Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts about vitamins and minerals in preparation for Quiz-5.

is the backbone of fat and phospholipids

Glycerol

Calcium is controlled by

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Absorption of Vitamin B12 requires a Glycoprotein known as

Intrinsic factor

Vitamin C is also known as

Ascorbic acid

is the major disease that you can get if you don’t consume enough vitamin A?

Night blindness

Sodium is the principal cation in _____________________fluids?

Extracellular fluids

Potassium is the principal cation in _____________ fluids?

Intracellular fluids

Name any three functions of calcium.

Bone and teeth formation, muscle contraction, nerve transmission

Scurvy can happen due to ________ deficiency

Vitamin C

Vitamin _____ is essential for blood clotting

Vitamin K

Name the water-soluble vitamins.

B vitamins and vitamin C

Name the fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins K, A, D, E

There are two forms of vitamin D. What are they? And how they are different from each other in terms of synthesis, stability and vitamin D activity

Vitamin D2, ergocalciferol: made by plants/fungi from ergosterol; less stable and generally less potent.

Vitamin D3, cholecalciferol: made in human skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol with UV light; more stable and more active/effective.

Describe the differences between Metalloenzymes and Metal activated enzymes.

Metalloenzymes: metal ion is tightly bound and part of the enzyme structure.

Metal-activated enzymes: metal ion is loosely attached and helps activate the enzyme.

What are the sources of the amino acid pool?

Dietary protein, breakdown of body proteins, synthesis of nonessential amino acids.

Transamination is the reaction between ___________

amino acid and alpha-keto acid.

___________ is caused by a defect in the first step of phenylalanine degradation

Phenylketonuria.

_________________ Phosphate is a cofactor during Transamination reaction

Pyridoxal

____________ is caused by a defect in degradation of branch chained amino acids in the liver

Maple syrup urine disease.

______________ enzyme releases amino acids from the carboxyl terminal.

Carboxypeptidase.