Florida and California Missions: History, Explorers, and Religious Influence
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103 Terms
What does Pasqua Florida mean?
Easter Flower
Who were the first European colonists in Florida?
The Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants)
Who ordered an expedition to expel the Huguenots from Florida?
King Philip II of Spain
Who was sent to establish the first Catholic settlement in Florida?
Pedro Menendez de Aviles
Which religious orders accompanied the Spanish to Florida?
Franciscans and Jesuits
What happened to the first two Catholic churches in St. Augustine?
They were destroyed by storms
Why did Catholics return to St. Augustine?
A Scottish aristocrat recruited Italian Catholic men to work his farms
Who condemned both abolitionists and slave owners?
Bishop Verot
Who funded the rebuilding of the Church in St. Augustine in 1887?
Henry Flagler
Who granted minor basilica status to the Cathedral of St. Augustine?
Pope St. Paul VI
Who confirmed that Church property in St. Augustine belonged to the Catholic Church?
President Monroe
What did the French send to help with the American Revolution?
Both their navy and army
What name did Junipero Joseph Serra take when he joined the Franciscans?
Miguel
Why was the California coast named after Franciscan saints?
It was named before the Pope suppressed the Franciscan order in 1773
What injury affected Junipero Serra for the rest of his life?
A snake or insect bite wound
What were the two purposes of the California Missions?
To spread the Gospel and extend Spanish political and cultural dominance
Who was the first Spanish explorer to come to San Diego Bay?
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
What was the first California mission?
San Diego de Alcala
How many missions were constructed in California under Franciscan supervision?
21 missions
Who canonized Junipero Serra?
Pope Francis
When was Junipero Serra canonized?
September 23, 2015
Who was Philip II?
King of Spain
Who was Alonso de Benadides?
A Franciscan who said to always bring gifts for the Indians
Who was Ponce de Leon?
Spanish explorer associated with Florida
Who was Hernando Cortes?
Spanish governor who established Mexico City
What was Ponce de Leon searching for?
The Fountain of Youth
Where did Hernando Cortes travel with 600 men?
The Yucatan region of Mexico
What city did Cortes establish?
Mexico City
Who was Malinche?
A slave woman who spoke both Aztec and Mayan languages
How did Cortes attempt to convert the Native Americans?
By removing their idols
How did Montezuma die?
He was stoned to death by his own people
Who was Martin?
The son of Hernando Cortes
What does the Spanish word "adelantado" mean?
Governor
How was Ponce de Leon's death related to Charlotte Harbor?
He was wounded by an arrow there in 1521
Did the original Spanish colonists include many Franciscans and Dominicans?
No
What was the Pueblo Revolt?
A Native American uprising in 1680 against Spanish colonial oppression
Where did the Pueblo Revolt force the Spanish to retreat?
South to the Rio Grande
How did Spain treat Native Americans according to the 19th-century historian?
They crushed them
How did England treat Native Americans according to the 19th-century historian?
They scorned and neglected them
How did France treat Native Americans according to the 19th-century historian?
They mostly embraced and cherished them
Who first came to San Diego Bay?
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
Who established St. Louis in 1763?
Pierre Laclede
When did the Lewis and Clark expedition begin?
1804
What river did the Spanish vessel sail into in 1570 before the ambush?
The James River
Which explorer established Mexico City?
Hernando Cortes
Did the Tewa Indians have extensive trade networks?
Yes
Who discovered the St. Lawrence River?
Cartier
Who established Quebec in 1608?
Champlain
Who was Charles I?
King of England
What was the Compagnie des Cents Associes?
The Company of 100 Associates
Who was Jacques Marquette?
A Jesuit expert in the Huron language
Who was Louis Jolliet?
An experienced mapmaker and geographer who traveled with Marquette
What does Ville Maire mean?
Mary Town
Who was Isaac Jogues?
A Jesuit martyred by the Iroquois
Who was Kateri Tekakwitha?
An Iroquois teenager who converted to Christianity
Who was Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville?
The explorer who found the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1699
How many Jesuits came to North America in the 17th and 18th centuries?
More than 300
Where did many Jesuits in North America come from?
France
What river did Fr. Rale explore?
The Kennebec River
What did Fr. Rale compile?
A dictionary of the Abernaki people
Where was Fr. Rale killed?
At the base of a 7-foot steel cross
Where is the steel cross now located?
St. Anne's Catholic Church in Old Town, Maine
Who was Fr. Rale?
A Jesuit missionary to the Abernaki people
What was the purpose of the California Missions?
Religious conversion and Spanish expansion
What order supervised the California missions?
The Franciscans
What religion were the Huguenots?
French Calvinist Protestants
Which Pope suppressed the Franciscan order in 1773?
Pope Clement XIV
What major Florida city was founded by Pedro Menendez de Aviles?
St. Augustine
What happened to Montezuma during Cortes' conquest?
He was killed by his own people
What language group did Malinche help translate?
Aztec and Mayan
What happened during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?
The Pueblo people expelled the Spanish from the region temporarily
Who were the Jesuits?
A Catholic religious order focused on education and missionary work
What was unique about Jacques Marquette?
He mastered the Huron language
Who traveled with Jacques Marquette?
Louis Jolliet
What Native American tribe martyred Isaac Jogues?
The Iroquois
Why is Kateri Tekakwitha important?
She was a Native American convert to Christianity and later canonized
Who explored the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1699?
Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
What was one major goal of Spanish exploration?
Expansion of Christianity and Spanish power
Who confirmed Catholic Church ownership of land in St. Augustine?
President Monroe
What was Henry Flagler known for in Church history?
Funding the rebuilding of the St. Augustine church
Who was the first martyr in California?
Fr. Luis Jayme
How many California missions existed?
21
What was the first mission in California?
San Diego de Alcala
What did Pope Francis do in 2015?
Canonized Junipero Serra
What was the role of Franciscans in the New World?
Missionary work and conversion of Native Americans
What was the French attitude toward Native Americans?
Generally cooperative and friendly
What was the English attitude toward Native Americans?
Neglectful and scornful
What was the Spanish attitude toward Native Americans?
Harsh and oppressive according to the historian
Who was Champlain?
Founder of Quebec in 1608
What river did Cartier discover?
The St. Lawrence River
What was the significance of St. Augustine?
It was the first Catholic settlement in Florida
Who was Bishop Verot?
A bishop who condemned both abolitionists and slave owners
Who was President Monroe?
The president who confirmed Catholic Church property rights in St. Augustine
What caused Serra lifelong pain?
A snake or insect bite wound
What happened to the first Catholic churches in St. Augustine?
They were destroyed by storms
Who were the first Catholic missionaries in Florida?
Franciscans and Jesuits
What happened to the Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt?
They fled south to the Rio Grande
What was the role of Malinche in Cortes' conquest?
Translator and intermediary
What city became the center of Spanish power in Mexico?
Mexico City
Who was Montezuma II?
Leader of the Aztec Empire