Chapter 6: Mental Status and Risk Factors for Substance Abuse in Psychology

addiction

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

cognition

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

health care disparities

the population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, and quality of health care across different social groups

mood and affect

Both of these elements deal with the prevailing feelings

affect is a temporary expression of feelings or state of mind

mood is more durable, a prolonged display of feelings that color the whole emotional life.

psychosis

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality

experiences irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

violence

behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.

cognitive function

involves memory, thinking, reasoning, ability to understand, judgment, and behavior

emotional functioning

feelings, mood, behaviors, stability

mental health (defined by WHO)

a state of well being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to their community

mental health is reflected in someones

appearance

behaviors

speech

thought patterns

decisions

ability to function in the home, work, or socially

mental health can

vary day to day

what contributes to poor mental health

environmental conditions

psychological

genetics

chemical

social

how many adults in the US have mental illness

1 in 5

19.1%

mental disorders can have

physical s/s

risk factors for poor mental health

rapid changes

economic/social factors

exposure to violence

unhealthy lifestyle choices

spiritual factors

cultural factors

changes in neurological function

psychosocial developmental level and issues

people with poor mental health may vein their situation as

hopeless

substance abuse can lead to

dependance syndrome

when using a substance becomes a priority in someones life then it can result in

avoidance of responsibilities

physical withdraw state

how many people age 12 and older use substances in the US

24.6 million people

what drug is a special case and why

weed because the legal status is changing within states

what drug is the most widely used psychotropic drug in the US

(alcohol is the 1st but its not a drug)

weed

What is the mind altering chemical in marijuana?

THC

tetrahydrocannabinol

short term affects of weed

altered senses

changes in mood

impaired body movement

difficulty thinking

hallucinations

paranoia

breathing issues

how does weed work?

the THC goes from the lungs into the blood and then into the brain cells. this causes an effect for 30minutes to an hour.

Long term affects of marijuana for those who begin in their teen years

respiratory damage

dependence

impaired memory, thinking, and learning

decrease in IQ

impaired brain development

CBD (cannabidiol)

Are the molecules in marijuana that have medicinal properties.

May reduce inflammation and pain.

Have been used for Glaucoma, Alzheimer's, Diabetes, PTSD, Epilepsy, and several autoimmune disorders.

May help heal bone fractures faster.

has much lower TCH levels

CBD can cause

liver damage

effects on metabolism

sedation

drowsiness

changes in alertness, mood

gastrointestinal function

drug interactions

what gender has a higher incidence of substance abuse

men

delirium

an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech.

signs of violent behavior

loud aggressive speech

aggressive actions

tense posture

hitting the walls

or hitting/harming someone or themselves

Hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

visual hallucinations are often seen with

Parkinson's disease

alcohol withdrawal

tactile hallucinations

Tactile hallucination is when someone experiences some perception related to touch when it is not really there.

olfactory hallucinations

smelling odors that are not really present

visual hallucinations

Seeing objects, people, or things that do not actually exist

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often seen in

veterans who experienced combat

ADLs

activities of daily living

sedentary lifestyle

a way of life that requires little movement or exercise

true or false

the current levels of research has been inconclusive when determining if CBD is actual helpful

true

Geriatric Depression Scale

30 yes/no questionnaire that is used to evaluate depression in the elderly pt

Signs of Alzheimer's Disease and dementia

poor judgement and decision making

inability to manage a budget

losing track of the date or the season

difficulty having a conversation

misplacing things and being unable to retrace steps to find them

typical mental age related changes

making a bad decision once in a while

missing monthly payments

forgetting the day and remembering it later

forgetting the right words to use

losing things

alcohol use disorder (AUD)

also called AUDIT

medical diagnosis for problem drinking that has become severe and is characterized by either abuse or dependence

Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (Self-Report)

self evaluation sheet

SAD PERSONS scale

A simple and practical assessment tool to evaluate potentially suicidal patients.

look at acronym on picture

most of mental health assessments are

subjective

Glasgow Coma Scale

eye opening, verbal response, motor response

Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma

PHQ-2

patient health questionnaire 2

asking two questions about depressed mood:

over the past two weeks have you felt down, depressed or hopeless

over the past two weeks have you felt little or no pleasure in doing things

if they say yes to the first two questions proceed with the next 7 questions.

if question 10 is answered somewhat difficult it indicated functional impairment

PHQ-9

assessment that evaluates degree of depression

C-SSRS (Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale)

Suicide assessment questionnaire in-depth

SLUMS Assessment

a common assessment tool for mild cognitive impairment

SBIRT

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment

CAGE questionnaire

cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye opener

when checking mental health on an older patient first check

hearing and eyesight before assuming they have a mental issue

GCS

Glasgow Coma Exam, used to assess level of consciousness in trauma patients

GCS can not be used to asses

verbal scores in intubated or aphasic clients

infection can =

confusion

Euthymic

normal mood

Constricted Mood

mildly diminished range or intensity of emotional expression

blunted mood

Significant reduction in the intensity of emotional expression.

flat mood

a lack of emotional responsiveness

Labile mood

irregular mood swings

inappropriate mood

Display of emotions that are unsuited to the situation

a symptom of schizophrenia.

anxiety is associated with

awareness of increasing memory loss

fear is associated with

memory loss

poor coping skills are associated with

sudden stroke

loss of use of extremities

confusion is associated with

head injury

dementia

stroke

substance abuse

decreased memory recall is associated with

dementia

stroke

head injury

substance abuse

inability to dress and groom oneself is associated with

confusion

lack of caregiver/resources

lethargy

lack of energy

Obtunded

Less than full alertness (altered level of consciousness), typically as a result of a medical condition or trauma.

stupor

a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility

coma

state of profound unconsciousness

dysponia

difficulty producing speech sounds

due to damage of vagus nerve or laryngeal disorders

Cerebellar dysarthria

irregular, uncoordinated speech caused by multiple sclerosis

Dysarthria

slurred speech

related to lesions of the nervous system, Parkinson's disease, or cerebellar disease

aphasia

impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).

Broca's area

speech production

Werknicke's area

language comprehension

wernicke apahasia

rapid speech that lacks meaning

caused by lesion in posterior superior temporal lobe

Broca aphasia (expressive aphasia)

damage is to the motor speech area of the forntal lobe

patient understands language but unable to answer questions, name common objects or express ideas

when is the best time to do a neurological assessment

in the beginning

frontal lobe function

involved in motor function: problem solving, memory, judgment, impulse control

temporal lobe function

hearing, smell, memory

brain stem function

control heartbeat

breathing

blood pressure

Cerebellum function

coordination of voluntary movements and balance

occipital lobe function

visual processing

parietal lobe function

sensory

what is the first thing you observe

gait

remote memory

long term memory

recent memory

short term memory

Apashia

impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).

a standard drink

12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, 1.5 oz liquor

convergance

the inability of the person to maintain focus on a task and does not hold a gaze

pinpoint pupils indicate

Opioid overdose

less then 3mm

dialted pupils

stimulants

over 6.5mm

Dementia

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes

Depresison

abnormal emotional state of sadness, despair, and discouragement

delirium

an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech.

acute confusion

a disturbance of the brain caused by physical illness elsewhere in the body