Biology Final Review S1

Food chains start with what?

Plants/Producers

The 1^st consumer in a food chain must always be what type of organism?

herbivores

Herbivores are also called what?

primary consumers

What are animals called that feed on herbivores?

carnivores

Secondary consumers are eaten by larger what?

consumers

what kind of consumers ear secondary consumers?

tertiary consumers

what is used to indicate the flow of energy in a food chain or web?

energy pyramid

what is meant by trophic levels?

An organism's position on a food chain or web

The 1^st trophic level consists of ______ consumers called _______.

plant, producers

Secondary consumers may be ______ eating meat or ___________ that eat both plants and animals.

carnivores, omnivores

At the 5^th trophic level would be _______ consumers that eat _____ consumers

apex predator, tertiary

Give an example of 3 detrivores.  On what do they feed?

Beetles, flies, cockroaches, an animal which feeds on dead organic material

What organism feeds on dead plants and animals and helps recycle them?

decomposers

Can an organism fill more than one trophic level --- yes or no?  Give an example.

yes, lions, humans

Each trophic level has how much less energy?

90% less energy

define biomagnification

the process where the amount of chemicals accumulates in organisms as trophic levels increase

What does the 10 percent rule have to do with biomagnification?

organisms have to eat more as they move up the food chain, therefore ingesting more toxins

Give 3 examples of density independent factors and 3 examples of density dependent factors

DI examples: habitat destruction by humans, wildfire, drought

DD examples: disease, food, space for shelter

Proteins are made up of what?

amino acids

lipids are made up of what?

fatty acids

Nucleic acids are made up of what?

nucleotides

Which of the 4 macromolecules is hormones?

lipids

Which of the 4 macromolecules is olive oil?

lipids

What is the structural difference between ATP and ADP?

ATP has 3 phosphate groups, ADP has 2 phosphate groups

Which molecules are contained in both ATP and ADP?

Adenine, ribose, and phosphate groups

In which structure, ATP or ADP, is more energy stored? Where is the energy stored? 

ATP, The energy is stored in the bond between phosphate groups 2 and 3

Describe what takes place in the process of converting ADP to ATP

Another phosphate group is added to ADP to convert it to ATP.

Describe what happens in the process of converting ATP to ADP

a phosphate is broken off from ATP to convert to ADP

what are the reactant of cellular respiration/products of photosynthesis?

Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2)

what are the reactants of photosynthesis/products of cellular respiration?

Water (H2O) and Carbon dioxide (CO2)

what is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

what is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light = C6H12O6 + 6O2

facilitated diffusion

a form of passive transport that uses transport proteins

passive transport

Particle movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

active transport

Particle movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

osmosis

diffusion of water through a cell membrane

positive feedback loop

increase the stimuli in response

negative feedback loop

decrease the stimuli in response