01: Intro to Human Anatomy

Types of anatomy, structure of organization, what is needed for life, cavities, serous membranes

Anatomy

The study of structure of the body (HOW IT LOOKS)

Gross Anatomy

Anything seen with the naked eye

Regional Anatomy

Type of Gross Anatomy

Study of specific structures; the head, the chest, the leg, ect

Used in medical practices

Systemic Anatomy

Type of Gross Anatomy

Study of the 11 body systems as they function separately/individually from one another

EX: how do muscles work SEPARATLY from how bones work SEPERETLY from how does the heart function

Surface Anatomy

Type of Gross Anatomy

Studies superficial structures and identifies visual landmarks

EX: study of the nail bed, identifying its various structures like nail bed or cuticle

Microscopic Anatomy

Using tools to visually aid (microscope)

Cytology

Study of cells

Histology

Study of tissues

What are the 4 types of tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Neural

Macro+Micro Anatomy

Combining aspects of gross and microscopic anatomy

Developmental Anatomy

Type of Macro+Micro

Study of anatomical changes of the body from fertilization (zygote) to maturity (18 OR 25)

Comparative Anatomy

Type of Macro+micro

Study of anatomical differences between species

Reveals both ecological and evolutionary history

EX: Comparing humans to apes or chimps

Radiographic Anatomy

Study of anatomy using specific visualization tools (Diagnostic)

EX: x-rays, CT, NMR, MRI, ECG, CAT, ect

Order structural levels of organiziation

Molecular/Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organisim

How many Organ Systems are there?

11

Where does life technically start

Cellular level

Do organ systems work in isolation or in tandem

In tandem; if one system deteriorates, others will make up the work or the organism dies

What are the 5 characteristics of life?

1. Excitability/responsiveness

2. Growth/differentiation

3. Reproduction

4. Movement

5. Metabolism/Excretion

Excitability/responsiveness

Responds to changes in environment

Growth/Differentation

Cells and Organisms grow in size over time

Multicellular organisms begin to differentiate cells to have specialized functions

Can cells be reprogramed for a different function?

No (very few instances)

Reproduction

Cell division into 2 new cells OR production of new organisms via Meiosis and gametes

Movement

Movement of the organism/cell as a whole, but also movement of things throughout the organism

O2 and Nutrients goes in, Waste goes out

Metabolism and Excretion

Can obtain and utilize energy, along with removing toxic waste

Body Cavities

Spaces where organs are held in the body

Posterior/Dorsal Cavity

Houses brain and spinal cord

Anterior/Ventral Cavity

Houses the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

What separates Thoratic and Abdominopelvic cavities

Diaphram

Cranial Cavity

Brain

Spinal Cavity

Spinal Cord

Thoracic Cavity

Houses Lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, ect

Pleural Cavity

Lungs, split into right and left halves

Mediastinum Cavity

Houses heart, trachea, esophagus, ect

Pericardial Cavity

Heart

Abdominalpelvic Cavity

Houses Abdominal and Pelvic cavities

Abdominal Cavity

Houses liver, stomach, spleen, intestines, ect

Pelvic Cavity

Houses bladder, internal reproductive organs, ect

Serous Membranes

A membrane formed by continuous secretions that line specific cavities and organs of the body

Do all cavities have serous membranes?

No

Which cavities have serous membranes?

Pericardium, Pleura, and Peritoneum

Lines the Lungs

Visceral Pleura

Lines the pleural cavity

Parietal Pleura

Lines the heart

Visceral Pericardium

Lines the pericardial cavity

Parietal Pericardium

Lines the abdominal pelvic cavity

Parietal Peritoneum

Lines organs within abdominopelvic cavity

Visceral Peritoneum