BG-HIST 1510 / Dark Ages Test
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/40
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
41 Terms
What protected the city of Constantinople?
The famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century.
Who was Emperor Justinian?
Byzantine Emperor, known for:
Nika Revolt: The people revolted against Justinian his wife Theodora shamed Justinian into action and inspired him and his generals to fight back.
Justinians Code: Justinian assembled Roman laws from his own and previous eras, Many of the laws were inspired by Orthodox Christian values.
Hagia Sophia: opulent basilica built by Justinian in Constantinople (present day Istanbul, Turkey), known as the “temple of holy wisdom.”
Who was Emperor Herakleios?
Byzantine Emperor known for,
Themes System: military districts where civilian administration of territory is replaced with military administration of territory. Soldiers, were part time soldiers and farmers, thus they now had a personal interest in defending their own land and farms.
True Cross: Byzantines had a series of conflicts over their claim of having the cross that Jesus was crucified on.
Battle of Yarmouk: Byzantines are never able to get a strong army together following their defeat
What is Caesaropapism?
The state defining church policy; the emperor acting as the church/Pope
What is Iconoclasm?
“the breaking of images”
The rejection or destruction of religious images and icons, particularly in the Byzantine Empire.
What Happened?
Roman Emperors Leo III and his son, Constantine V, the church and the state outlaw the veneration of symbols (icons).
The Pope condemns iconoclast policies of the Emperor, so the Emperor removes control of Papal state lands from the Pope.
deepens the divide between the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, and the Western and Eastern Church.
West is in favor of Icons
East is in favor of Iconoclasm
Who was Empress Irene?
Irene formally announces that iconoclasm is heresy, and is considered a saint by the Church for she restored the veneration of icons.
Who was Basil II?
Basil is the last of the strong Byzantine emperors, he is the last to expand his territory and secure his conquests
What is the significance of the Battle of Manzikert?
The realization for the Byzantines that they cannot push the Muslims out of their territory, is the beginning of the end.
Who was Emperor Constantine XI?
He is killed in the action, he is the last Byzantine Emperor
The Muslims use cannons and guns, which overpower the old byzantine walls
What is Monasticism?
The idea of monks (holy men) living in monasteries
Monks produce many religious written works during this period
Who was Saint Benedict?
Founded many monasteries based on the idea of ora et labora (“work & pray”). Basically a schedule for Monks in what they should be doing day to day.
Who was Pope Gregory?
Who was Saint Patrick?
Coverts Ireland to Christianity, and Irish monks branch out to many other locations to spread the religion.
What is the Book of Kells?
An example of the religious texts produced in monasteries
Who were the Franks?
Former Roman federates, who became a powerful group in medieval Europe, establishing the Merovingian and later Carolingian dynasties.
What does “Civilized” mean in the context of this unit?
Christian
Who was King Merovech?
Namesake of the Merovingian dynasty, denoted by long, dark curly hair
Who was Clovis I?
Founder of the Merovingian Dynasty.
He converts to Christianity, making the Franks Christian.
Why?
Majority of Frankish citizens were already Christian, this made Clovis look better
Clovis needs people who can read and write: priests and monks
What is Gavelkind?
Frankish system of succession and inheritance, allowing all sons to inherit their father’s land, thus when a king died, sons frequently fought each other for control of greater territories.
What is Salic Law of Succession?
A legal code established by the Franks that prohibited women from inheriting land, ensuring that only male heirs could succeed to the throne.
What is the Mayor of the Palace?
A high-ranking official in the Frankish kingdom who acted as the chief administrator and was often more powerful than the king, managing the royal household and overseeing the realm.
Eventually they became passed down by family succession, thus they became hereditary positions as powerful as the king.
Who was Dagobert I?
Who was Charles Martel?
A Frankish general and statesman who served as Mayor of the Palace, known for:
His victory at the Battle of Tours, which stops the Muslim expansion into Europe.
Why were the Muslims expanding into Europe?
Viewed Christianity as a religious rival
Europeans are prime to be slaves →b/c not Muslim
Who was Pepin ‘The Short’
Son of Charles Martel, he gets the Popes endorsement to be King, replacing the Merovingian dynasty’s control of the Franks to Carolingian control of the Franks. In exchange, Pepin gives land to the Pope (the “Donation of Pepin”).
Who was Charlemagne?
Charlemagne considered a model of kingship in this era. He is known for:
Expansion of the Frankish Kingdom
Spreads and protects Christianity
Reviving education
What are the Papal States?
Territories in Italy governed by the Pope, established through the Donation of Pepin.
What is “missi dominici”?
Rule by walking around, translates to the "lord’s emissaries,”, delegates sent by Charlemagne to oversee local authorities and ensure loyalty.
What are Counts?
Administrative officials in charge of cities.
What are Dukes?
Administrative officials similar to counts, but in charge of larger geographic areas
What is the Palace Chapel at Aachen?
Charlemagne’s favorite palace; also a symbol of how Franks were influenced by Muslim architecture
What distinguishes Frankish Education?
The Franks push for greater literacy; resulting in the standardization of uncial (upper-case) and miniscule (lower-case) letters.
Who was Alcuin?
The Tutor of Charlemange, who later became essentially the Secretary of Education in Charlemanges royal court.
What is the Treaty of Verdun?
Agreement that divides the Frankish controlled kingdoms into three territories between louis, charles, and lothar.
This Establishes the relative modern territories of Italy, Germany, and France
Who were the Vikings?
Seafaring Norse people from Scandinavia known for their European raids and exploration.
Who was Charles ‘the fat’?
Who was Charles ‘The Simple’?
Who was Rollo?
Who was Louis I ‘the pious’
He replaces Charlemagne as the king of the Franks, Lombards, etc. He continues Charlemagne’s policies, but his sons start fighting among themselves for control even before Louis dies.
Who was the wealthiest entity in Europe during the Dark Ages?
The Catholic Church
What were the Councils of Toledo?
Powerful church councils from Toledo (capital of the Visigoths) with strong influence over the Visigoth government and society, including nominating Visigoth kings.