Start of world war 1

Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Gavrilo Princip and the Black Hand

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to Austria-Hungary’s throne

Supported more independence for Slavic people

Death triggered WWl

Why did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

Serbia was linked to the assassination

Wanted to stop slavic nationalsm

Sent an ultimatum, serbia rejected parts of it

What was Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum to Serbia?

A list of strict demands which had to be all accepted and if not it would lead to war

What event officially started World War I?

Austria-Hungary declared war on serbia (1914)

How did alliances cause WWI to spread?

Because russia defended serbia, then germany defended Austria-hungary, leading to france defending russia, then britain defending belgium

Who were the allied powers?

Britain (and empire)

France]

russia

italy after 1915

usa after 1917

Who were the central powers?

Germany

austria-hungary

ottoman empire

bulgaria

What problem did germany face at the start of ww1

War on two fronts

france(west) and russia (east)

What was the schlieffen plan?

germanys plan to avoid a two-front war

To quickly defeat france then focus on russia

Why did the schlieffen plan fail?

Russia mobilized faster then expected

Belgium resisted german invasion

Britain entered the war

Why did germany invade belgium

to bypass french defenses

Belgium was neutral but attacked anyway

Why did britain enter ww1?

Germany invaded belgium and they had to protect belgium bc of a secret alliance

What was trench warfare?

Soldiers foguht from trenches

Hard to attack and easy to defend

Led to stalemate

What was the result of trench warfare?

Little movement on the front and massive casualties

Horrible living conditions

What happened at the Battle of Tannenberg (1914)?

Germany defeated russia and russia had many losses (170 000)

What happened at the Battle of the Marne (1914)?

Allies stopped german advance

Saved paris

Schlieffen plan failed

What was significant about the Second Battle of Ypres (1915)?

First large-scale use of poison gas by germany

Start of chemical warfare

What was chemical warfare in ww1?

Used chlorine and mustard gas

caused painful deaths

led to gas masks becoming standard

What was the Gallipoli Campaign?

Allied attempt to capture ottoman territory

Failed badly with many casualties

Why was the sinking of the Lusitania important?

• German submarine sank ship (1915)

• 128 Americans killed

• Helped bring USA into war

What was the Battle of Verdun (1916)?

One of the deadliest battles

Germany aimed to “bleed france” yet france held the line

What was the Battle of the Somme (1916)?

Massive allied offensive with over 1 million casualties and very little land gained

Why is Beaumont-Hamel significant?

Part of the somme

Devastating losses for newfoundland soldiers and a major canadian historical event