Ap Art History Final

Chiaroscuro

contrasts between light and dark to create depth and drama.  Example: The Calling of Saint Matthew

Sfumato

 technique using soft strokes instead of sharp outlines.Example: Mona Lisa

Bas Relief

 sculpture style where the figures stick out a little from a flat surface. . Example: The carvings on the Parthenon frieze

Cantilevered

structure that sticks out from one side and is supported only at that end. Example: Fallingwater

Caravaggisti

A long row of columns supporting a roof. Example:  St. Peter's Square

Colonnade

 A long row of columns supporting a roof
Example: St. Peter's Square

Contrapposto

 A pose in sculpture where the body's weight rests on one leg, creating a naturalistic stance. Example: David

Tenebrism

style using very dark shadows and bright light for dramatic effect. Example: Joseph the Carpenter

Iconography

The symbols and imagery to convey meaning or identify .Example: Halos and crosses in Christian paintings symbolize holiness and sacrifice.

Pendentive

 triangular support for a dome. Example: Hagia Sophia

Pediment

A triangular upper section found above the entrance of Classical buildings.
Example: The triangular front pediment of the Parthenon contains sculptural decoration.

Formline

A Northwest Coast Indigenous art style using flowing lines and shapes to create figures and patterns.

Example: Traditional Haida

Lost wax casting (cire perdue)

A metal casting process where molten metal replaces a wax model.

Example: The Thinker

Plein Air

 Painting outdoors to capture natural light and atmosphere directly from nature.

Example: Claude Monet

Hudson River School

A 19th-century American art movement focused on dramatic landscapes and nature.
Example: The Oxbow, manifest destiny 

Avant-garde

Innovative or experimental art that challenges traditional ideas and styles.
Example: Fountain

Baroque

 A dramatic, ornate artistic style from the 1600s emphasizing emotion, movement, and grandeur.

Example: Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

Classical

Referring to the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing balance, harmony, and proportion.

Example: Parthenon

Hellenistic

The artistic style after Alexander the Great characterized by realism, emotion, and movement.
Example: Winged Victory of Samothrace

Animism

The belief that spirits inhabit natural objects, animals, and elements of nature.
Example: Many Indigenous cultures create ritual objects representing spiritual forces in nature