Physics

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600 B.C.

the period where Thales observed a piece of amber attracted to a small bit of paper or very thin wood shavings after they were rubbed with wool

Thales

he observed a piece of amber attracted to a small bit of paper or very thin wood shavings after they were rubbed with wool

16th Century

When did William Gilbert, an English Scientist, found that many other materials could be made like amber?

William Gilbert

He called the behavior of an amber attracting small bit of paper as electricity.

Electron

A greek word meaning ‘amber’.

Static Electricity

When two objects are rubbed against each other, stationary electric charge is produced. This is described as _________.

Electric Charge

physical property of a matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

Electrons

Charges outside the atom that carries negative charges

Protons

Charges at the center of an atom that carries positive charges

Neutron

An atom that has equal number of protons and electrons, meaning, no overall charge

Positively

An object that loses electrons after rubbing becomes _______ charged.

Negatively

An object that gains electrons after rubbing becomes _______ charged.

Attract

Opposite charges ________ each other.

Repel

Like charges ______ each other.

Attracts

Charged body ________ a neutral body.

Law of Conservation of Charges

This law states that charge can be transferred from one object to another but cannot be created nor destroyed.

Friction

Process of Charging; Results when two objects are rubbed against each other (electron affinity)

Negatively

(Friction) Situation: Plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth.

Electrons from cloth moved to plastic rod. The plastic rod becomes ______ charged.

Positively

(Friction) Situation: Plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth.

Electrons from plastic rod moved to cloth. The plastic rod becomes ______ charged.

Conduction

Process of Charging; Results when there’s a physical (direct) contact between a charging and a neutral body

Positively

(Conduction) A neutral body becomes ______ charged when charged by positively charged body.

Negatively

(Conduction) A neutral body becomes ______ charged when charged by negatively charged body.

Induction

Process of Charging; There’s no physical contact between a charged and neutral body. A charged body is brought near to a neutral body.

Conductors

materials that allow the electrons to pass or flow through

Insulators

materials that do not allow or hinders the electrons to pass or flow through

Charles de Coulomb

In the SI system of units, electric charge is measured by coulombs (C) in honor of what French physicist?

Force of Repulsion

force where two charges have the same sign (positive-positive, negative-negative)

Force of Attraction

force where two charges have opposite sign (positive-negative)

Coulomb’s Law

the mathematical formula used to calculate the electrostatic force between two charged particles q1 and q2 seperated by distance r is called _______.

Directly

the magnitude of the electric force 𝐹 is _______ proportional to the amount of one electric charge 𝑞1 multiplied by other 𝑞2

Inversely

the magnitude of the electric force 𝐹 is _______ proportional to the square of the distance 𝑟 between their centers.

Electric Field

the region where an electric force acts on charged body

Positive

The direction of the electric field due to a _______ charge is away (outwards) from the charge.

Negative

The direction of the electric field due to a _______ charge is inwards.

Energy

ability to do work

Potential Energy

energy that could be used to do work; it is an energy that is stored in an object due to its position

Work

derived as a force acting upon an object to cause a displacement

Gravitational Potential Energy

mass * 9.8m/s² * height

Conservative Force

depends only on the initial and final position

Electric Potential

defined as the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge; also defined as amount of work needed to move an electric charge from its reference point to specific point on the electric field.

Electric Potential Energy

energy needed to move an electric charge against an electric field; the energy possessed by a charge in an electric field, which gives it the ability to do work.

Joules

Electric Potential Energy is expressed by the unit _____.

James Prescott Joule

Joules is named after the English Physicist __________ who had a huge contribution in the study of engines, electricity and heat.

Volts

Electric Potential is expressed by the unit _______.

Alessandro Volta

Volts (𝑽) is named after the Italian Physicist ________ who is also the inventor of battery.

Electric Potential Difference

the difference in electric potential between the final and the initial location when work is done upon a charge to change its potential energy; sometimes referred to as the voltage.

Capacitance

ability of a device to store electric charge.

Dielectric

used to separate the conductive plates of a capacitor

Current

is the rate of flow of charge per unit time (𝑰 = 𝒒𝒕). It also refers to the motion of charges from one place to another.

Ampere

Current is expressed by the unit ______.

Andre-Marie Ampere

the unit Ampere (𝑨) is named after __________.

Resistance

the electric property that impedes (hinders) the flow of current.

Ohms

Resistance is expressed by the unit _______ (𝛀).

Ohm’s Law

states that the current flowing through a circuit is directly proportional to the potential difference (Voltage) and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit

George Simon Ohm

Ohm’s Law is named after ____________.

Series

An electric circuit with several components arranged to allow current to flow through one single path is known as __________ Cicuit.

Parallel

An electric circuit with two or more components connected across two common points to allow separate conducting paths is known as ___________ circuit.