bsci160 - the niche

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Last updated 4:39 AM on 4/12/26
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16 Terms

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niche

the range of resources & conditions allowing species to maintain a viable population

  • defines organism’s role w/in ecosystem (food, shelter, behavior)

  • determine where species can live (w/ species interactions)

<p>the range of resources &amp; conditions allowing species to maintain a viable population</p><ul><li><p>defines organism’s role w/in ecosystem (food, shelter, behavior)</p></li><li><p>determine where species can live (w/ species interactions) </p></li></ul><p></p>
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species response curve

  • include many dimensions that describe

    • resources, habitat, behavior

    • abiotic & biotic factors

<ul><li><p>include many dimensions that describe</p><ul><li><p>resources, habitat, behavior</p></li><li><p>abiotic &amp; biotic factors </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Gause’s Paramecium experiments

Paramecium is a genus of ciliates

  • Ciliates are unicellular protists

  • used:

    • P. aurelia

    • P. caudatum

    • P. bursaria → algae live inside

  • cultured Paramecium in test tubes with food items

    • limited space & nutrients

<p>Paramecium is a genus of ciliates</p><ul><li><p>Ciliates are unicellular protists</p></li><li><p>used:</p><ul><li><p>P. aurelia</p></li><li><p>P. caudatum</p></li><li><p>P. bursaria → algae live inside</p></li></ul></li><li><p>cultured Paramecium in test tubes with food items</p><ul><li><p>limited space &amp; nutrients </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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competitive exclusion principle

2 species w/ identical niches cannot coexist

  • also called limiting similarity principle

  • weaker competitor goes extinct

    • have diff niches to solve this problem

<p>2 species w/ identical niches <strong>cannot</strong> coexist </p><ul><li><p>also called <strong>limiting similarity principle </strong></p></li><li><p>weaker competitor goes extinct</p><ul><li><p>have diff niches to solve this problem </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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exclusion principle

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Gause’s’ Experiments conclusions

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<p>Barnacle experiment </p>

Barnacle experiment

Joseph Connell' (1961)

<p>Joseph Connell' (1961) </p>
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fundamental niche

the abiotic conditions required for a species to persist

  • range larger than realized niches

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realized niche

the actual niche occupied by species when biotic interaction occur

  • competition

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fundamental vs realized niche

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character displacement

competition drives populations of 2 species living in same area to evolve different traits

<p>competition drives populations of 2 species living in <strong>same</strong> area to evolve different traits </p>
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niche partitioning

species living together use resources slightly different & enables them to coexist in a community

  • McArthur’s warbler → live on diff parts of tree

<p>species living together use resources slightly different &amp; enables them to coexist in a community </p><ul><li><p>McArthur’s warbler → live on diff parts of tree </p></li></ul><p></p>
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niche partitioning

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specialists vs generalist niche

<p></p><p></p>
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specialist niche

  • less adaptable b/c specialized needs

  • ↑ likely → extinct

  • use specific set of resources

  • easily affected by changing conditions

  • advantage w/ constant conditions

    • survive REALLY well w/ specific conditions

    • tradeoff

<ul><li><p>less adaptable b/c specialized needs</p></li><li><p>↑ likely → extinct</p></li><li><p>use specific set of resources</p></li><li><p>easily affected by changing conditions</p></li><li><p>advantage w/ constant conditions</p><ul><li><p>survive REALLY well w/ specific conditions </p></li><li><p>tradeoff </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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generalist niche

  • adaptable to many environments

  • ↓ likely → extinct

  • use variety of resources

  • ↑ tolerance range

  • advantage w/ changing conditions

<ul><li><p>adaptable to many environments</p></li><li><p>↓ likely → extinct</p></li><li><p>use variety of resources</p></li><li><p>↑ tolerance range</p></li><li><p>advantage w/ changing conditions </p></li></ul><p></p>