Musculoskeletal & Integumentary Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts in the Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems, including definitions related to bone growth, muscle properties, and skin functions.

Ossification

The process by which cartilage turns into bone.

Axial skeleton

The central part of the body, including the skull and vertebrae.

Appendicular skeleton

The limbs and girdles that attach to the axial skeleton.

Compact bone

Dense, smooth, and uniform type of bone.

Spongy bone

Bone with a porous, spiky structure, resembling a sponge.

Intramembranous ossification

The development of bone from fibrous membranes, forming flat bones.

Endochondral ossification

The formation of bone from hyaline cartilage, responsible for most bones.

Epiphyseal plate

The growth plate where long bones lengthen.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that build new bone.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that break down bone tissue.

Haematoma

A blood clot that forms at a fracture site.

Contractility

The ability of muscle tissue to shorten and produce movement.

Excitability

The ability of muscle tissue to respond to stimuli and produce action potentials.

Extensibility

The ability of muscle tissue to stretch beyond its resting length.

Elasticity

The ability of muscle tissue to return to its resting length after stretching.

Anaerobic respiration

The process by which glycogen is metabolized without oxygen, leading to lactic acid production.

Aerobic respiration

The process where glucose is metabolized in the presence of oxygen to form ATP.

Integumentary system

The system that includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands.

Epidermis

The outer layer of the skin, acting as the first line of defense.

Dermis

The middle layer of the skin, constituting about 90% of skin thickness.

Hypodermis

The subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis.

Hemostasis

The first stage of wound healing, involving clot formation.

Proliferation

The stage in wound healing when new tissue forms.

Maturation/remodeling

The final stage of wound healing, where collagen reorganizes.