Bonding

Metallic Bonds structure

lattice of cations surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons

Heat- metal properties

electrons gain kinetic energy in hotter areas of the metal and are able to quickly transfer it to other parts of the metal lattice due to their freedom of movements. the metal ions vibrate, contributing to the flow of heat through the metal lattice

Electricity- metal properties

When a voltage is applied to a metal, one end of the metal becomes positive and the other end of the metal becomes negative. since the electrons are free to move, all electrons experience a force toward the positive end. the movement of electrons is an electric current

Malleable and Ductile

Metals are malleable and ductile because metallic bonds are non‑directional. The attractive forces between the positive metal ions and the mobile sea of electrons act in all directions, allowing layers of ions to move past each other without disrupting the forces between the positive ions and the negative electron sea.

High Melting Point

This indicates strong metallic bonding: melting points increase as the number of valence electrons contributed to the electron sea increases, because there is a greater attractive force between the metal cations and the electrons.

High Density

Most metals have relatively high densities because their metal lattices are closely packed.