Ch 11 PHYL 141 Exam 4

internal intercostal muscles

Intercostal muscles that draw the ribs together

patellar ligament

Continuation of the quadriceps tendon from the patella to the tibial tuberosity

quadriceps tendon

Common tendon shared by the four quadriceps muscles

abduct

Move away from the midline in the sagittal plane

abductor pollicis longus

Muscle that inserts into the first metacarpal

adductor

Moves the bone toward the midline

adductor brevis

Muscle that adducts and medially rotates the thigh

adductor longus

Muscle that adducts medially rotates and flexes the thigh

adductor magnus

Muscle with an anterior fascicle that adducts medially rotates and flexes the thigh and a posterior fascicle that assists in thigh extension

agonist

Prime mover muscle whose contraction is responsible for producing a particular motion

anal triangle

Posterior triangle of the perineum that includes the anus

antagonist

Muscle that opposes the action of an agonist

anterior compartment of the forearm

Deep and superficial muscles that originate on the humerus and insert into the hand

anterior compartment of the thigh

Region that includes muscles that flex the thigh and extend the leg

appendicular

Of the arms and legs

axial

Of the trunk and head

belly

Bulky central body of a muscle

bi

Two

biceps brachii

Two-headed muscle that crosses the shoulder and elbow joints to flex the forearm while assisting in supinating it and flexing the arm at the shoulder

biceps femoris

Hamstring muscle

bipennate

Pennate muscle that has fascicles located on both sides of the tendon

brachialis

Muscle deep to the biceps brachii that provides power in flexing the forearm

brachioradialis

Muscle that can flex the forearm quickly or help lift a load slowly

brevis

Short

buccinator

Muscle that compresses the cheek

carpal tunnel

Narrow passage beneath the flexor retinaculum containing nine flexor tendons and the median nerve

carpal tunnel syndrome

Condition caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

circular

Fascicles that are concentrically arranged around an opening

compartment syndrome

Condition in which pressure within a muscle compartment reduces blood flow and damages tissues

compressor urethrae

Deep perineal muscle in women

convergent

Fascicles that extend over a broad area and converge on a common attachment site

corrugator supercilii

Prime mover of the eyebrows

deep transverse perineal

Deep perineal muscle in men

deglutition

Swallowing

deltoid

Shoulder muscle that abducts the arm as well as flexes and medially rotates it and extends and laterally rotates it

diaphragm

Skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is dome-shaped at rest

digastric

Muscle that has anterior and posterior bellies and elevates the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and depresses the mandible

effort

Force applied to move a lever

erector spinae group

Large muscle mass of the back and primary extensor of the vertebral column

expiration

Process of expelling air from the lungs

extensor

Muscle that increases the angle at a joint

extensor carpi ulnaris

Muscle that extends and adducts the hand

extensor digiti minimi

Muscle that extends the little finger

extensor digitorum

Muscle that extends the hand at the wrist and the phalanges

extensor digitorum longus

Muscle that is lateral to the tibialis anterior

extensor hallucis longus

Muscle partly deep to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

extensor indicis

Muscle that inserts onto the tendon of the extensor digitorum of the index finger

extensor pollicis brevis

Muscle that inserts onto the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

extensor pollicis longus

Muscle that inserts onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

extensor radialis longus

Muscle that extends and abducts the hand at the wrist

extensor retinaculum

Band of connective tissue that extends over the dorsal surface of the hand

external intercostal

Superficial intercostal muscles that raise the rib cage

external oblique

Superficial abdominal muscle with fascicles that extend inferiorly and medially

extrinsic eye muscles

Muscles that originate outside the eye and insert onto the outer surface of the eyeball to create eye movement

extrinsic muscles of the hand

Muscles that move the wrists hands and fingers and originate on the arm

fascicle

Muscle fibers bundled by perimysium into a unit

fasciotomy

Surgical procedure that relieves compartment pressure by cutting the fascia

femoral triangle

Region at the junction of the hip and leg containing the pectineus femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein and deep inguinal lymph nodes

fibularis brevis

Muscle that plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and everts it at the intertarsal joints

fibularis longus

Muscle that plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and everts it at the intertarsal joints

first-class lever

Lever with the fulcrum located between the effort and the load

fixator

Synergist that stabilizes the origin of an agonist by preventing or reducing movement at another joint

flexion

Movement that decreases the angle of a joint

flexor

Muscle that decreases the angle at a joint

flexor carpi radialis

Muscle that flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

Muscle that flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist

flexor digitorum longus

Muscle that flexes the four small toes

flexor digitorum profundus

Muscle that flexes the phalanges of the fingers and the hand at the wrist

flexor digitorum superficialis

Muscle that flexes the hand and digits

flexor hallucis longus

Muscle that flexes the big toe

flexor pollicis longus

Muscle that flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb

flexor retinaculum

Band of connective tissue that extends over the palmar surface of the hand

frontalis

Front part of the occipitofrontalis muscle

fulcrum

The fixed point around which a lever rotates

fusiform

Muscle with spindle-shaped fascicles that create large bellies

gastrocnemius

Most superficial muscle of the calf

genioglossus

Muscle that originates on the mandible and moves the tongue downward and forward

geniohyoid

Muscle that depresses the mandible and raises and pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly

gluteus maximus

Largest gluteal muscle that extends the femur

gluteus medius

Muscle deep to the gluteus maximus that abducts the femur at the hip

Golfer's elbow

Overuse injury involving forearm flexor muscles especially flexor carpi radialis

gracilis

Muscle that adducts the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee

hamstring strain

Stretching or tearing injury of a hamstring muscle

hamstrings

Biceps femoris semitendinosus and semimembranosus

heat production

Important role of the muscular system in maintaining normal body temperature

hip extension

Movement that increases the angle between the thigh and trunk

hip flexion

Movement that decreases the angle between the thigh and trunk

homeostasis contribution of muscles

Skeletal muscles maintain posture stabilize joints generate heat and enable movement

hyoglossus

Muscle that originates on the hyoid bone and moves the tongue downward and flattens it

hypothenar

Group of muscles on the medial aspect of the palm

iliacus

Muscle that along with the psoas major forms the iliopsoas

iliococcygeus

Muscle that forms part of the levator ani with the pubococcygeus

iliocostalis group

Laterally placed muscles of the erector spinae

iliopsoas

Combined muscle formed by the psoas major and iliacus and a powerful hip flexor

iliotibial tract

Structure inserting onto the tibia made up of the gluteus maximus and connective tissues of the tensor fasciae latae

infrahyoid muscles

Anterior neck muscles attached to and inferior to the hyoid bone

infraspinatus

Muscle that laterally rotates the arm

inguinal hernia

Protrusion of intestine through the abdominal wall due to increased intra-abdominal pressure

insertion

End of a skeletal muscle attached to the structure moved when the muscle contracts

inspiration

Process of drawing air into the lungs