mitosis & meiosis
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23 Terms
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Cell Cycle
The series of stages that a cell goes through to divide and reproduce.
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Eukaryotes
Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles, enclosed within membranes.
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Mitosis
A process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, maintaining the same ploidy.
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Meiosis
A reduction division process that results in four non-identical haploid cells from one diploid cell.
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S Phase
The phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, resulting in duplicated chromosomes.
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G1 Phase
The first gap phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.
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What happens during the Mitosis process?
In mitosis, sister chromatids are separated to produce two identical daughter cells.
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What is the outcome of Meiosis?
Meiosis results in four non-identical haploid gametes from one diploid cell.
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Prophase (Mitosis)
The stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses, the nuclear membrane disassociates, and spindle fibers form.
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What are the main phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
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Metaphase (Mitosis)
Chromosomes align in the center of the cell and spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
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Anaphase (Mitosis)
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
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What happens during Telophase (Mitosis)?
Chromatin unwinds, nuclear membranes reform, and cell division occurs.
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What occurs during Prophase One of Meiosis?
Chromatin condenses and pairs of homologous chromosomes form.
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Metaphase One (Meiosis)
Homologous chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.
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Anaphase One (Meiosis)
Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles.
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What happens in Telophase One?
The cell divides, reforming nuclear membranes around two sets of chromosomes.
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Alternation of Generations
The life cycle strategy in plants between haploid and diploid stages.
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Sporophyte
The diploid stage in a plant's life cycle that produces spores.
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Gametophyte
The haploid stage in a plant's life cycle that produces gametes.
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Fertilization
The process by which two gametes combine to form a zygote.
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Zygote
The diploid cell formed when two gametes fuse during fertilization.
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What summarizes the life cycle of plants?
Sporophyte (2n) → Meiosis → Spores → Mitosis → Gametophyte (n) → Mitosis → Gametes (n).
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