apgov amendments, cases, & law

Marbury v. Madison

The 1803 Supreme Court case that established judicial review.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The Supreme Court case that ruled African Americans were not citizens and worsened the slavery conflict.

Thirteenth Amendment

The amendment that abolished slavery.

Fourteenth Amendment

The amendment that guarantees due process and equal protection.

Fifteenth Amendment

The amendment that says voting rights cannot be denied based on race.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The case that upheld 'separate but equal.'

Brown v. Board of Education (1954 & 1955)

The case that ended school segregation; Brown II ordered desegregation with 'all deliberate speed.'

Civil Rights Act (1964)

"The law that banned discrimination in public places

Voting Rights Act (1965)

The law that banned racial discrimination in voting.

Equal Rights Amendment

A proposed amendment for sex equality that was never ratified.

19th Amendment

The amendment that gave women the right to vote.

24th Amendment

The amendment that banned poll taxes in federal elections.

26th Amendment

The amendment that lowered the voting age to 18.

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

The law that bans discrimination against people with disabilities.

First Amendment

"The amendment protecting freedoms of religion

Barron v. Baltimore

The case that said the Bill of Rights originally applied only to the national government.

Gitlow v. New York

The case that began selective incorporation of rights to the states.

Fourth Amendment

The amendment protecting against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Fifth Amendment

"The amendment protecting due process, self-incrimination, and other rights of the accused.

Sixth Amendment

"The amendment guaranteeing rights such as a speedy trial

Eighth Amendment

The amendment that bans cruel and unusual punishment.

Texas v. Johnson

The case that ruled flag burning is protected symbolic speech.

Tinker v. Des Moines

The case that said students have free speech rights at school unless it causes substantial disruption.

U.S. v. Lopez

The case that limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause.

Mapp v. Ohio

The case that applied the exclusionary rule to the states.