Anatomy and Physiology II Lab Practical 1 - Endocrine, Digestive, and Muscles

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering the histology and gross anatomy of the endocrine and digestive systems, as well as selected muscles from human models and cat dissections.

Infundibulum

The stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.

Anterior pituitary

Also known as the adenohypophysis.

Posterior pituitary

Also known as the neurohypophysis.

Follicular cells

Also called principle cells, these are found in the thyroid gland.

Colloid

A substance found in thyroid follicles composed of thyroglobulin.

Parafollicular cells

Also called C-cells, these cells in the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin.

Adrenal cortex zones

The three zones consisting of the Zona glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, and Zona reticularis.

Islets of Langerhans

Also called pancreatic islets, these represent the endocrine portion of the pancreas.

Acini cells

The cells representing the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

Filiform papillae

Tongue papillae that do not have tastebuds, often viewed at $40\times$ or $400\times$ magnification.

Foliate papillae

Tongue papillae that contain taste buds.

Esophagus epithelium

The stratified squamous epithelium lining the lumen of the esophagus.

Rugae

Folds within the mucosa of the stomach (singular: Ruga).

Parietal cells

Cells located within the mucosa of the stomach alongside gastric pits and glands.

Chief cells

Cells found in the gastric pits and glands of the stomach mucosa.

Brunner’s glands

The identifying characteristic of the Duodenum found in the submucosa.

Peyer’s patches

The identifying characteristic of the Ileum found in the submucosa.

Jejunum identification

Identified by the absence of Brunner’s glands and Peyer’s patches in the submucosa.

Liver lobules

The functional units that compose the liver, containing hepatocytes and sinusoids.

Portal triad

A group in the liver consisting of the bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic vein.

Hepatic flexure

The bend in the colon located on the right side near the liver.

Splenic flexure

The bend in the colon located on the left side near the spleen.

Linea alba

The white line or midline structure seen in abdominal muscle models.

Pectoantebrachialis

A chest muscle identified for context in cat dissection.

Xiphihumeralis

A chest muscle identified for context in cat dissection.

Longissimus dorsi

A muscle of the back identified in both human models and cat dissections.

Lumbodorsal fascia

Connective tissue located in the back region.