Science 10: Chemistry, Physics, and Ecosystems Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Chemistry (WHMIS, nomenclature, reactions), Physics (speed, acceleration, sig figs), and Biology (ecology, population dynamics, and ecosystems) based on the Science 10 practice final.

WHMIS

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.

Oxidizing Material

A WHMIS hazard symbol representing materials that can provide oxygen and increase the risk of fire.

Ionic Compound

A compound formed from a metal and a non-metal where electrons are transferred to reach stability.

Covalent Compound

Also known as a molecular compound, it is formed when electrons are shared between atoms; naming uses prefixes like "tri-" or "penta-".

Reactants

The substances that react together in a chemical reaction, listed on the left side of the arrow.

Products

The substances produced by a chemical reaction, listed on the right side of the arrow.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The principle stating that mass stays the same after a chemical reaction, which is why chemical equations must be balanced.

Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that releases energy into the surroundings.

Endothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings.

Precision Rule

The rule for addition and subtraction where the answer is rounded based on the measurement with the least number of decimal places.

Certainty Rule

The rule for multiplication and division where the answer is rounded based on the measurement with the least number of significant figures.

Vector Sum

The result of adding two vector quantities, such as $25.0\,\text{m [West]} + 13.0\,\text{m [East]}$ resulting in $12\,\text{m [West]}$.

Slope of a Distance-time Graph

This value represents the speed of an object.

Slope of a Speed-time Graph

This value represents the acceleration of an object.

Biotic Factors

The living components portion of an ecosystem, such as grass, rabbits, and foxes.

Abiotic Factors

The non-living components of an ecosystem, such as rocks, dirt, water, and air.

Natality

The birth rate within a population.

Mortality

The death rate within a population.

Immigration

The movement of individuals entering into a population.

Emigration

The movement of individuals leaving a population.

Ecological Niche

An organism's specific role or position within its ecosystem.

Ecological Footprint

A measure of the impact humans have on the environment and the resources required to support them.

Extinct

A species that no longer exists on Earth.

Endangered

A species that is at high risk of becoming extinct.

Density-dependent Factors

Limiting factors that fluctuate based on population size, such as disease, food, and space.

Density-independent Factors

Limiting factors that affect populations regardless of their size, such as weather.

Food Web

A diagram representing the complex interlocking of multiple food chains within an ecosystem.

Biogeochemical Cycle

The pathway of chemical elements moving through the biotic and abiotic parts of Earth, such as the carbon or nitrogen cycles.

Weather

The short-term atmospheric conditions of a specific time and place.

Climate

The long-term atmospheric patterns and trends for a specific region.

Autotroph

An organism, such as a green plant, that can produce its own food.

Heterotroph

An organism that must consume other organisms for energy.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can sustain indefinitely.