Nursing Care of the Newborn and Family

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering newborn transition, assessment, gestational classifications, routine care, and signs of illness.

Skin-to-skin contact benefits

Decreased oxygen consumption, better thermoregulation, stable vitals ($HR$, $RR$, and $BP$), stable blood sugars, improved breastfeeding latch and duration, and improved maternal attachment via oxytocin release.

Early breastfeeding benefits

Releases oxytocin to increase uterine contractions, reduces the risk for postpartum hemorrhage, and decreases the likelihood of breast engorgement.

APGAR Score: 0-3

Indicates severe distress in the neonate.

APGAR Score: 4-6

Indicates moderate difficulty in the neonate.

APGAR Score: 7-10

Indicates minimal to no difficulty in the neonate.

Normal Newborn Heart Rate ($HR$)

In a quiet state, between $110$ and $160 ext{ beats/minute}$.

Normal Newborn Respiratory Rate ($RR$)

Between $30$ and $60 ext{ breaths/minute}$; abdominal, shallow, and irregular.

Normal Newborn Temperature

Axillary range of $97.7^{\circ}F$ to $99.5^{\circ}F$ ($36.5^{\circ}C$ to $37.5^{\circ}C$).

Acrocyanosis

Bluish discoloration of the extremities which is considered normal for the first $48 ext{ hours}$ after birth.

Ankyloglossia

A condition characterized by a short lingual frenulum.

Meconium Passsage

The first stool of the newborn, expected within $24 ext{ hours}$ after birth.

Gestational Age Assessment (Neuro)

Evaluation of six neuromuscular signs: posture, square window, arm recoil, popliteal angle, scarf sign, and heel-to-ear.

Appropriate for gestational age (AGA)

Birth weight between the $10^{th}$ and $90^{th}$ percentiles.

Large for gestational age (LGA)

Birth weight >90^{th} percentile, indicating an accelerated growth rate in utero.

Small for gestational age (SGA)

Birth weight <10^{th} percentile, indicating a restricted growth rate in utero.

Preterm

Born before $37\,0/7 ext{ weeks}$ of gestation, regardless of birth weight.

Late preterm

Born between $34\,0/7$ and $36\,6/7 ext{ weeks}$ of gestation.

Full term

Born between $39\,0/7$ and $40\,6/7 ext{ weeks}$ of gestation.

Postmature

Born after the completion of week $42$ of gestation, showing signs of progressive placental insufficiency.

Vitamin K Injection

Administered $1-2 ext{ hours}$ after birth to help blood clot and prevent bleeding.

Erythromycin Ophthalmic Ointment

Administered $1-2 ext{ hours}$ after birth to prevent eye infections from gonorrhea or chlamydia exposure.

Phototherapy

Treatment for hyperbilirubinemia that changes unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated bilirubin for excretion through urine and stool.

Congenital heart disease screen (CCHD)

Performed at $24$ to $48 ext{ hours}$ of life using pulse oximetry on the right hand (pre-ductal) and a lower extremity.

CCHD Passing Result

Oxygen saturation of >95\% in either lower extremity with a less than $3\%$ absolute difference between upper and lower readings.

Circumcision Analgesia

Options include subcutaneous ring block, dorsal penile nerve block, or topical anesthetic cream such as EMLA or LMX.

Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS)

A tool used to score pain from $0$ to $7$, where higher scores indicate greater pain.

Bilious emesis

Bright green vomit that indicates a bowel obstruction and must be reported to a provider immediately.

Newborn Lethargy

Characterized by sleepiness, difficulty waking, or periods of sleep longer than $6 ext{ hours}$.

Newborn Hypoglycemia complications

Complications of treatment like phototherapy include dehydration and temperature instability.

Signs of Illness: Fever and Hypothermia

Fever is an axillary temp >38^{\circ}C ($100.4^{\circ}F$); hypothermia is an axillary temp <36.5^{\circ}C ($97.7^{\circ}F$).

Infant Apnea threshold

Absence of breathing for more than $20 ext{ seconds}$.