Cellular Respiration Lecture Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering the mechanics, stages, and structures involved in cellular respiration.

Potential energy

Energy in a stored form.

Kinetic energy

Energy due to motion.

Autotrophs

Living organisms, such as plants, that manufacture their own food.

Heterotrophs

Organisms, such as animals, that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy by eating plants or other animals.

Cellular respiration

The process that releases the energy in food so that an organism can get the energy it requires.

Aerobic respiration

Respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen, where lots of energy is released and stored as ATP.

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration that occurs when oxygen is not available to a cell, resulting in the release of little energy.

Mitochondrion

The organelle in which the process of aerobic respiration is completed.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A chemical containing an energy-rich bond where the energy released during aerobic respiration is stored; one glucose molecule produces a net product of $38$ high energy molecules.

Glycolysis

The first stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the cytosol where glucose is broken down to form pyruvic acid and a net of $2$ ATP molecules.

Krebs cycle

The second stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the mitochondrion involving a cyclic series of reactions that release $CO_2$ and energised hydrogen atoms.

Oxidative phosphorylation

The third stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the mitochondrion where energised hydrogen atoms make $36$ ATP molecules and de-energised hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen to form water.

Cristae

The folds formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

Matrix

The internal space of the mitochondrion where the Krebs cycle takes place.

Pyruvic acid

An energy-rich molecule formed in the cytosol during glycolysis that moves into the mitochondrion for the Krebs cycle.

Aerobic Respiration Summary Equation

$$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$