Chapter 7 EMT
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When a patient, who has been having an asthma attack, is placed in a sitting position on a stretcher, this position is called:
A.
prone.
B.
Fowler's.
C.
supine.
D.
Trendelenburg.
Fowler's
Of the following, which would be considered a function of the skeletal system?
A.
Protecting the body from foreign organisms
B.
Carrying sensory information to and from the brain
C.
Allowing for movement
D.
Filtering and excreting wastes
Allowing for movement
A patient would see a cardiologist for a problem with what organ?
A.
Heart
B.
Stomach
C.
Bones
D.
Brain
Heart
What occurs during normal and unlabored exhalation?
A.
The intercostals relax and the diaphragm contracts.
B.
The intercostals contract and the diaphragm relaxes.
C.
The intercostals and the diaphragm contract.
D.
The intercostals and the diaphragm relax.
The intercostals and the diaphragm relax
What type of joint comprises the location where the head of the femur fits into the pelvic girdle? 1
A.
Saddle
B.
Ball-and-socket
C.
Condyloid
D.
Gliding
Ball-and-socket 1
Sperm formed in the testes travel from the epididymis to the urethra by a hollow tube called the:
A.
vas deferens.
B.
seminal vesicle.
C.
prostate.
D.
bulbourethral gland.
vas deferens
The part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow is called the:
A.
acromion.
B.
olecranon.
C.
radius.
D.
carpal.
olecranon
What region of the brain is considered the center of consciousness and higher thought?
A.
Midbrain
B.
Medulla oblongata
C.
Cerebrum
D.
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
The increased pliability of an infant's ribs and cartilage force the infant to:
A.
brace himself when rolling over.
B.
rely more on breathing through his mouth rather than through his nose.
C.
rely more on the diaphragm for breathing.
D.
rely more on intercostal muscles for respiration.
rely more on the diaphragm for breathing
Anatomic differences between pediatric and adult airways require that:
A.
treatment for respiratory problems be conducted the same without regard to age.
B.
you notify medical direction before treating an infant for respiratory problems.
C.
specific considerations are taken when treating the infant for respiratory issues.
D.
only pediatric specialists treat children.
specific considerations are taken when treating the infant for respiratory issues
The organ of the digestive system responsible for production of bile that helps to digest fat is the:
A.
spleen.
B.
small intestine.
C.
liver.
D.
gallbladder.
liver
What division of the nervous system influences all activity of skeletal muscles and movements?
A.
Central
B.
Involuntary
C.
Voluntary
D.
Autonomic
Voluntary
To minimize friction when the heart contracts, what structure secretes fluid lubricant?
A.
Atrium
B.
Pericardial sac
C.
Tricuspid valves
D.
Ventricles
Pericardial Sac
To cause the heart to contract normally, an electrical impulse must travel through the following structures in what order?
A.
The SA node, the AV node, the Purkinje fibers, and the bundle of His
B.
The SA node, the AV node, the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers
C.
The AV node, the SA node, the Purkinje fibers, and the bundle of His
D.
The AV node, the SA node, the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers
The SA node, the AV node, the bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers
An insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients to cells and inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and wastes from cells result in a condition known as:
A.
hypotension.
B.
hyperperfusion.
C.
hypoperfusion.
D.
hypovolemia.
hypoperfusion
Which type of muscle is generally attached at one or both ends to a bone by tendons?
A.
Involuntary
B.
Cardiac
C.
Skeletal
D.
Smooth
Skeletal
What is the name of the process that results in the movement of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) across cellular membranes in the lungs and in the peripheral tissues?
A.
Oxygenation
B.
Respiration
C.
Ventilation
D.
Perfusion
Respiration
What is the likely result of spinal damage involving the phrenic nerve?
A.
Bradycardia
B.
Right-sided weakness
C.
Inadequate breathing
D.
Facial paresthesia
Inadequate breathing
One of the MOST important functions of the skin is:
A.
protecting the body from the environment.
B.
serving as a site for melanin production.
C.
producing vitamin A for the body.
D.
allowing the body to shed excess heat to the environment.
protecting the body from the environment
What two electrolytes are shed through the skin during the regulation of water and electrolytes for thermoregulation in the body?
A.
Sodium and chloride
B.
Magnesium and sodium
C.
Potassium and sodium
D.
Chloride and potassium
sodium and chloride
What is one of the purposes for the way in which the individual vertebrae are shaped and arranged in the body?
A.
To protect the spinal cord
B.
To allow 360 degrees of twisting motion
C.
To produce red blood cells
D.
To allow the back to extend farther than it can flex
to protect the spinal cord
You arrive on scene for a patient who is unresponsive from a known drug overdose. Which of these statements BEST represents the mechanism leading to unresponsiveness?
A.
Unresponsiveness is probably due to failure of the cerebellum and drug overdose.
B.
Unresponsiveness is probably due to both cerebral hemispheres not functioning properly.
C.
Unresponsiveness is probably due to hypocapnia.
D.
Unresponsiveness is probably due to hyperoxia.
Unresponsiveness is probably due to both cerebral hemispheres not functioning properly
Which of these factors is LEAST likely to affect the ability of a small child to compensate for respiratory problems?
A.
Children have lower metabolic and oxygen needs because of their smaller size.
B.
Infants and small children have fewer alveoli.
C.
A child's chest muscles are underdeveloped.
D.
The ribs are more pliable than an adult's.
children have lower metabolic and oxygen needs because of their smaller size
The distal end of the penis, which contains the urethral opening, is called the:
A.
epididymis.
B.
vas deferens.
C.
glans.
D.
bulbourethral gland.
glans
When the left ventricle contracts, it sends a wave of blood through the arteries. This wave of blood is called a(n):
A.
pulse.
B.
arterial ejection.
C.
arteriole ejection.
D.
diastolic wave.
pulse
If the hormone norepinephrine was made into a drug that the EMT could administer to a patient, what kind a patient would MOST likely benefit from it?
A.
A hypoglycemic patient
B.
A hypotensive patient
C.
A tachycardic patient
D.
A psychologically disturbed patient
hypotensive pt
If an EMT wanted to state what position the body was in when he arrived, given that the patient was found lying on his back, face up, he would use what term when communicating with other health care professionals?
A.
Lateral
B.
Supine
C.
Prone
D.
Trendelenburg
Supine
If a patient told an EMT that one of his doctors is a specialist in treating problems with the skin, the EMT would know that the patient is referring to what type of doctor?
A.
Hematologist
B.
Gerontologist
C.
Dermatologist
D.
Cytologist
Dermatologist
The portion of the brain that coordinates muscle activity and maintains balance through impulses from the eyes and ears is called the:
A.
cerebrum.
B.
medulla oblongata.
C.
cerebellum.
D.
vasomotor center.
cerebellum
During your secondary survey of a patient who is unresponsive, you obtain a blood glucose level (BGL) and find a value of 658 mg/dL. To what part of the endocrine system would this disturbance best pertain to?
A.
The Islets of Langerhans
B.
Parathyroid
C.
Posterior pituitary
D.
Thyroid
The Islets of Langerhans
When a patient is found lying on his belly, face down, this is referred to as what position?
A.
Recovery
B.
Prone
C.
Supine
D.
Lateral
Prone
The ribs move downward and inward, and the diaphragm rises during:
A.
inspiration.
B.
inhalation.
C.
agonal gasps.
D.
exhalation.
exhalation
When stimulated, the alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system result in which of these effects?
A.
Vasoconstriction
B.
Increased heart rate
C.
Relaxation of the bronchioles
D.
Decreased blood pressure
vasoconstriction
The structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other is called:
A.
anatomical position.
B.
physiology.
C.
biology.
D.
anatomy.
anatomy
Which of these hormones, if it was created into a medication, would most likely result in an increase of the heart rate if it was administered?
A.
Insulin
B.
Norepinephrine
C.
Epinephrine
D.
Antidiuretic hormone
Epinephrine
The basic function of the pulmonary system, known as "ventilation," refers to what?
A.
The exchange of gases across cellular and alveolar membranes.
B.
The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
C.
The monitoring of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
D.
The rate at which the patient is breathing.
The movement of air in and out of the lungs
he mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called:
A.
oxygenation.
B.
respiration.
C.
ventilation.
D.
perfusion.
ventilation
During a CE class, the instructor is speaking about the normal interrelatedness of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and how they affect the heart rate. The instructor is discussing an aspect of the body's:
A.
anatomy.
B.
physiology.
C.
pathophysiology.
D.
pharmacology.
physiology
The EMT arrives upon the scene and finds a person with a brain injury unresponsive and without a pulse or heart rate. Which portion of the nervous system is most likely affected?
A.
Cerebrum
B.
Spinal cord
C.
Brainstem
D.
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Which of these modifications you should use when caring for pediatric patients?
A.
Suction the airway for a longer period of time—20 to 30 seconds.
B.
The smaller tongue of the child allows you to easily insert an oropharyngeal airway upside down and rotate it 180° as you insert it.
C.
Place padding behind the shoulders and neck of an infant or small child to maintain neutral alignment of the neck.
D.
To prevent hyperthermia, do not cover the patient in shock with blankets.
Place padding behind the shoulders and neck of an infant or small child to maintain neutral alignment of the neck
Which choice is an age-related change that affects the nervous system and senses?
A.
A decrease in the amount of cerebral spinal fluid in the skull
B.
Increased myelination of nerve fibers
C.
Difficulty perceiving the position of the body or its parts
D.
The necessity of holding items very close to the eyes in order to see
difficulty perceiving the position of the body or its parts
Identify both the type of muscle and the property of that muscle that has the ability to initiate its own impulse.
A.
Smooth: pre-excitation
B.
Cardiac: automaticity
C.
Skeletal: automaticity
D.
Voluntary: excitation
Cardiac: automaticity
If a patient is having a heart attack, what additional finding should the EMT be certain to assess for?
A.
Changes to the pupils
B.
Alterations in the blood glucose level
C.
Abnormal neurological changes
D.
Changes to the blood pressure
Changes to the blood pressure
Which of these statements BEST uses the term "distal" in a sentence?
A.
The ankle is distal to the hip.
B.
The elbow is distal to the wrist.
C.
The shoulder is distal to the elbow.
D.
The nose is distal to the ears.
The ankle is distal to the hip
Kidneys play an important role in:
A.
the digestion of fats.
B.
urine storage.
C.
removal of carbohydrates from the blood.
D.
blood pressure control.
blood pressure control
The structure through which blood is filtered and wastes are removed is the:
A.
loop of Henle.
B.
calyx.
C.
ureter.
D.
nephron.
nephron
What gland of the body helps to regulate circadian rhythms?
A.
Adrenal
B.
Pituitary
C.
Pineal
D.
Thyroid
Pineal
Which age-related respiratory changes should you anticipate in a 72-year-old patient?
A.
Greater sensitivity of the respiratory drive to hypoxia
B.
Decreased reliance on the diaphragm as the major muscle of respiration
C.
Increased tidal volume at rest
D.
Calcium deposits where the ribs join the sternum, causing the rib cage to be less pliable
Calcium deposits where the ribs join the sternum, causing the rib cage to be less pliable
The medical term that is used to refer to the palm of the hand is:
A.
plantar.
B.
distal.
C.
palmar.
D.
palomar.
palmar
The organ of the digestive system responsible for production of juices that aid in the digestion of fats, starches, and proteins is the:
A.
gallbladder.
B.
stomach.
C.
spleen.
D.
pancreas.
pancreas
The amount of air a patient breathes in and out with one regular breath is the:
A.
dead space.
B.
tidal volume.
C.
minute volume.
D.
alveolar volume.
tidal volume
Which two components of the nervous system must be intact to allow the patient to be conscious and fully oriented?
A.
The thalamus and medulla
B.
The thalamus and the reticular activating system
C.
Both cerebral hemispheres and the reticular activating system
D.
Both cerebral hemispheres and the pons
Both cerebral hemisphere and the reticular activating system
The membrane that envelops each lung and is directly attached to the lung tissue itself is called the:
A.
pulmonary membrane.
B.
visceral pleura.
C.
parietal pleura.
D.
pectoralis membrane.
visceral pleura
What term is used by the EMT when referring to the actual functioning and interrelatedness of the body's systems?
A.
Anatomy
B.
Anatomical position
C.
Physiology
D.
Biology
Physiology
The EMT is caring for a patient who sustained a workplace injury and assesses the patient's ability to move his arms and legs. Which body system controls this movement?
A.
Peripheral vascular system
B.
Integumentary system
C.
Endocrine system
D.
Voluntary nervous system
Voluntary nervous system
When a joint moves away from the midline, this is referred to as:
A.
abduction.
B.
adduction.
C.
circumduction.
D.
flexion.
abduction
If an EMT was describing the location of a gunshot wound to the ED nurse and wanted to illustrate that the wound was toward the side of the chest, rather than the center of the chest, the EMT would use the term:
A.
medial.
B.
posterior.
C.
lateral.
D.
ventral.
lateral
The gland that regulates metabolism, growth and development, and the activity of the nervous system is the:
A. thymus
B. Pancreas
C. Thyroid
D. Adrenal
thyroid
Which of the following occurs to the cardiovascular system in response to an increase in parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
A.
Faster blood flow
B.
Slowing of the heart rate
C.
Stronger contraction of the heart muscle
D.
Increased heart rate
Slowing of the heart rate
Deliberate movement is accomplished by which kind of muscle?
A.
Cardiac
B.
Smooth
C.
Involuntary
D.
Voluntary
Voluntary
Why is the treatment of pediatric airway swelling more critical than treatment of airway swelling in adults?
A. Because of increased oxygen demands in children
B.
Because of the added difficulty in diagnosis
C.
Because of the small diameter of the airway
D.
Adult airway swelling is more critical because of increased oxygen demands in adults.
Because of the small diameter of the airway
The hormone epinephrine has which effect on the heart's conduction system?
A.
It decreases the number of extra beats.
B.
It decreases the cardiac output.
C.
It slows the rate.
D.
It speeds up conduction.
It speeds up conduction
What is the mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs?
A.
Ventilation
B.
Inhalation
C.
Respiration
D.
Oxygenation
Ventilation
Urine is transported to the bladder by the:
A.
fallopian tube.
B.
urethra.
C.
ureter.
D.
kidney.
Ureter
The part of the airway that can create the greatest resistance to airflow is the
A.
nasal cavity.
B.
bronchi.
C.
trachea.
D.
bronchioles.
Bronchioles
After leaving a capillary, blood enters into what structure on its trip back to the heart?
A.
Artery
B.
Venule
C.
Arteriole
D.
Vein
Venule
The set of neural tracts in the brain that must be functioning to allow consciousness to occur is known as the:
A.
hypothalamus.
B.
cranial nerves.
C.
reticular activating system.
D.
somatic nerves.
reticular activating system
The lateral recumbent position means the patient is lying:
A.
on the back with the feet raised and the head lowered.
B.
face down on the stomach.
C.
on the back with the upper body elevated.
D.
on the right or left side.
on the right or left side
What is the MOST important reason EMTs should have a good grasp on proper use of medical terminology?
A.
It shows the patient that we are well educated.
B.
It is necessary to use in order to speak to physicians.
C.
It allows clear communication with other health care providers.
D.
The profession requires it.
It allows clear communication with other health care providers
The grape-like structures where the actual air exchange occurs in the lungs are called the:
A.
epiglottis.
B.
alveoli.
C.
pharynx.
D.
bronchus.
alveoli
Anatomy refers to the:
A.
function of the living body and its parts.
B.
body's disease and injury.
C.
bones of the body.
D.
structure of the body.
structure of the body
The study of the function of the living body and its parts, or how the body works in an interrelated fashion, is called:
A.
sociology.
B.
psychology.
C.
anatomy.
D.
physiology.
physiology
What gland of the body is considered to be the master gland?
A.
Thalamus
B.
Pituitary
C.
Hypothalamus
D.
Thyroid
Pituitary
Generally, if ventilations continue to worsen despite the use of accessory muscles, the patient's breathing may be considered:
A.
appropriate.
B.
inadequate.
C.
adequate.
D.
prolonged.
inadequate
The type of joint that comprises the small bones in the hands and feet (not fingers or toes) is known as:
A.
saddle.
B.
gliding.
C.
pivot.
D.
condyloid.
gliding
All of the following are functions of the nervous system, EXCEPT:
A.
secreting enzymes into the bloodstream to control sugar balance.
B.
transmitting sensory stimuli to the brain for interpretation.
C.
controlling motor function and transmitting motor impulses to muscles for movement.
D.
controlling and maintaining a conscious and aware state.
secreting enzymes into the bloodstream to control sugar balance.
Which of the following types of joints allow for the widest range of motion?
A.
Condyloid
B.
Gliding
C.
Saddle
D.
Ball-and-socket
Ball and Socket
Components of the male reproductive system include each of the following, EXCEPT the:
A.
testes.
B.
seminal vesicles.
C.
fallopian tubes.
D.
prostate gland.
Fallopian tubes
Which of the following is TRUE regarding respiratory anatomy in infants and children?
A.
Infants and children rely less on the diaphragm to breathe than an adult.
B.
The nose of an infant is proportionally larger than that of an adult.
C.
The ribs are less pliable in infants than in adults.
D.
The tongue of an infant or child takes up proportionally more space than an adult's.
The tongue of an infant or child takes up proportionally more space than an adult's.
Which one of the following keep the body systems working together?
A.
Endocrine system
B.
Integumentary system
C.
Circulatory system
D.
Nervous system
Nervous system
The study of the body's structure or design is referred to as:
A.
anatomy.
B.
physiointegration.
C.
physiology.
D.
pathophysiology.
Anatomy
In order to BEST understand what is wrong with the body, the EMT will need to understand:
A.
the proper use of vitals equipment.
B.
what is normally right with the body.
C.
all of the possible signs and symptoms.
D.
acceptable medical terminology.
what is normally right with the body
During exhalation, what causes the air to move out of the lungs?
A.
Paradoxical motion
B.
Positive pressure
C.
Flail motion
D.
Negative pressure
Positive pressure
Which one of the following statements about the nervous system is true?
A.
It enables the individual to be aware of the environment.
B.
It controls body functions through the voluntary nervous system.
C.
It transmits sensory stimuli to the spinal cord for interpretation.
D.
Nerves transmit impulses from tissues to organs.
It enables the individual to be aware of the environment
The subcutaneous layer of the skin plays an important role in:
A.
sensing light touch.
B.
providing oily secretions to protect the skin.
C.
heat preservation.
D.
sweating.
heat preservation
Given what the reticular activating system does for the body, it could also be called the:
A.
"wake and sleep center."
B.
"react and move center."
C.
"vegetative and thought center."
D.
"feed or breed center."
"wake and sleep center"
Smooth muscle is responsible for:
A.
constriction or dilation of the blood vessels.
B.
chewing and swallowing.
C.
movement of the eyeballs.
D.
contraction of the heart.
constriction or dilation of the blood vessels
The majority of the mass of the heart is located:
A.
to the right of the midline.
B.
to the left of the midline.
C.
in the posterior chest.
D.
above the nipple line.
to the left of the midline
Upon arrival at a scene of a fight, you find your patient lying face up on his back. What is this position called?
A.
Lateral
B.
Prone
C.
Supine
D.
Fowler's
Supine
Which one of the following is responsible for connecting bone to bone?
A.
Tendons
B.
Cartilage
C.
Ligaments
D.
Muscles
Ligaments
The word part cardi/o is considered a medical:
A.
root.
B.
definition.
C.
suffix.
D.
prefix.
root
The musculoskeletal system consists of all of the following components EXCEPT the:
A.
ligaments and tendons.
B.
muscles.
C.
skeleton.
D.
blood vessels.
blood vessels
Which of the following occurs in response to an increase in parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
A.
Slowing of the heart rate
B.
Decreased digestion mobility
C.
Pupillary dilation
D.
Diminished salivation
slowing of the heart rate
The cervical spine is formed by which vertebrae?
A.
Five fused vertebrae at the pelvis
B.
Twelve vertebrae inferior to the neck
C.
Five vertebrae in the lower back
D.
The first seven vertebrae
the first seven vertebrae
You have a patient who has fluid in the airway, labored breathing, absent breath sounds, and a low blood oxygen level and is unresponsive. What should you manage FIRST?
A.
Inadequate ventilations
B.
Low blood oxygen level
C.
Diminished mental status
D.
Airway occlusion
airway occulsion
The left and right brachial arteries supply blood to the:
A.
legs.
B.
kidneys.
C.
skull.
D.
arms.
arms
Occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal are all parts of the:
A.
abdomen.
B.
rib cage.
C.
spinal column.
D.
cranium.
cranium
Imaginary straight-line divisions of the body are called:
A.
physiological planes.
B.
positional planes.
C.
anatomical planes.
D.
geometric planes.
anatomical planes
One day while at the station between calls, you are completing a crossword puzzle. One of the clues for a medical term reads "a suffix that refers to the blood." You would know this to be:
A.
rhin/o-.
B.
-algia.
C.
-itis.
D.
-emia.
-emia
The brain and spinal cord make up the:
A.
central nervous system.
B.
voluntary nervous system.
C.
autonomic nervous system.
D.
peripheral nervous system.
central nervous system