Chapter 13

1. By the 1900s, ______ million immigrants arrived in the US.

14 million

2. Push Factors

Push factors are reasons that encouraged immigrants to leave their native countries such as religious persecution, forced military service, and poverty.

2. Pull Factors

Pull factors are reasons that encouraged immigrants to come to America such as jobs, few restrictions, opportunity, and democracy.

3. Most immigrants traveled by steamship in ___________________. It took ______ days to travel from Europe to _________________ in NY Harbor. Once there, immigrants were processed and screened for disease and other health problems. Those who failed the inspection were _____________ from their families and returned to _____________.

Steerage; 14 days; Ellis Island; separated; Europe

4. Most immigrants settled in cities, such as __________, ________________, ___________, and __________. They separated themselves into ________________.

New York, Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit; ethnic neighborhoods

5. ___________immigrants settled mostly in _________________. A processing center was opened in San Francisco called ___________________.

Chinese; western cities; Angel Island

6. ______________ surged in the US during this time. Many opposed immigrants who were ______________. Unions opposed immigration because immigrants worked for ____________ or as _________________.

Nativism; Catholic; low wages; strikebreakers

7. In the west, there was racial violence against the _________________.

Chinese

8. In 1882, the ______________________________ banned ___________, ___________, and the __________________. It also taxed each newcomer_________.

Immigration Act of 1882; convicts; paupers; mentally disabled; 50 cents

9. The _________________________ barred Chinese immigration for 10 years.

Chinese Exclusion Act

10. Urban population________________________________________________________

The urban population grew from about 10 million in 1870 to 30 million by 1900.

11. Most immigrants lacked ______________ and ________________________. Even though they worked long hours in ____________________, their ___________________________ improved.

money; education; factories; standard of living

12. Cities offered _____________________, _____________________, ______________, ________________, & _______________.

bright lights; running water; modern plumbing; museums; libraries; theaters

13. As the price of land increased, _________________began to appear.

skyscrapers

14. Mass transit included ________________, _____________, and__________________.

horsecars; cable cars; electric trolley cars

15. Society was divided by ________________.

class

16. Tenement __________________________________________________________________.

Tenements were dark, crowded multi-family apartments where the working class lived.

17. What were some of the problems with living in the city? ____________________________________________________________

crime, violence, fire, disease, and pollution

18. Disease and pollution were caused by __________________________.

improper sewage disposal, contaminated water, smoke, and waste

19. Political machines_____________________________________________________________

political machines were informal groups that provided services like jobs, housing, and food in exchange for votes

20. They were supported by immigrant groups who had tremendous ________________________.

voting strength

21. Machine politicians grew rich from _________________ (fraud). An example of a political machine was ____________________, run by ______________________. It was argued that machines helped to _______________________immigrants.

graft; Tammany Hall; Boss Tweed; assimilate

22. Gilded Age_________________________________________________________________

a time of great wealth and success but also poverty and inequality

23. Individualism________________________________________________________________

the belief that people succeed through their own efforts and hard work

24. Social Darwinism_____________________________________________________________

the idea that only the strongest survive and succeed in business and society

25. Gospel of Wealth_____________________________________________________________

the belief that the rich should use their wealth to help society

26. Philanthropy________________________________________________________________

giving money or resources to help others

27. Realism____________________________________________________________________

an artistic and literary movement that shows real life situations

28. Samuel Clemens, AKA __________________, wrote novels giving a view of American society.

Mark Twain

29. As the standard of living rose, many people spent money on ___________________________.

entertainment and leisure activities

30. Americans divided their lives into separate units of ____________and __________________.

work and leisure

31. ___________________ functioned as political centers and were key for political machines.

saloons

32. Amusement parks such as ___________________ catered to working-class families.

Coney Island

33. Sports such as _____________________, _____________________, _______________, _____________________, ____________________, and _______________ became popular.

baseball; football; boxing; basketball; tennis; golf

34. ___________________ was invented in 1891.

basketball

35. Vaudeville featured __________acts, as well as ____________, ____________,& _________.

variety; comedians; dancers; singers

36. ______________________ used the patterns of ________________________ music. ________________ became known as the ________________________________________.

Ragtime; African American; Scott Joplin; King of Ragtime

37. Many Americans believed the government should take a more active role in _____________________________________.

solving social problems

38. Edward Bellamy wrote “________________________”, a novel that finds the US as a perfect society with __________________, ____________________, or ____________________. The government owns all _______________ and shares _______________equally. These ideas were a form of ____________________.

Looking Backward; no poverty; no crime; no inequality; business; wealth; socialism

39. Organizations such as the ________________, _________, & _______________________ helped improve conditions in the nation by providing social programs, daycare, education, and group activities. Many of these organizations were religious in nature.

YMCA; Salvation Army; settlement houses

40. Settlement houses helped to shape the ________________________profession.

social work

41. _________________________were crucial to the success of immigrant children. School helped them to become ______________________ & ______________________.

public schools; literate; Americanized

42. ____________________________ & __________________________ education provided students with skills required in specific trades.

vocational; adult

43. The _______________________________gave federal land grants to states to establish agricultural and mechanical colleges.

Morrill Act

44. ________________________________ also became available to city dwellers.

libraries