New Testament study set

Key Events for Gospels

• Jesus is born

• John the Baptizer begins his ministry prepping for the arrival of Messiah

• Jesus is baptized by John the Baptizer

• The Holy Spirit descends on Jesus

• Jesus spends 40 days in the wilderness tempted by devil

• Spends three years announcing and demonstrating the arrival of God’s kingdom

• Jesus is crucified

• Jesus is raised from the dead

• Spends 40 days teaching his apostles about the kingdom of God

• Ascension

Sanhedrin

• Supreme council of the Jews

• Rulings were binding on all Jews

• Resulted in crucifixion of Jesus

• Similar to Supreme court

Scribes

• produced legal documents, recorded deeds, and could act as notary public and court secretary

• Followed meticulous procedures

Judaizers

• became a faction of the Jewish Christins both from Jewish and non Jewish origins

• Tried to enforce circumcision upon Gentile converts

• Legalism

Gnostics

• A collection of religious ideas and systems

• Emphasized personal spiritual knowledge above orthodox teaching

• All materiality considered evil (even body)

• Belief that salvation came through the receiving of a secret gnosis or knowledges

Gospel Timeline Order

• Mark

• Matthew

• Luke

• John

Three Laws of Hermeneutics

• Bible is interpreted literally

• Passages must be interpreted historically, grammatically, and contextually

• Scripture is always the best interpreter of scripture

Moral interpretation

• mistake

• Seeks to establish exegetical principles by which ethical lessons may be drawn

Allegorical interpretation

Interprets biblical narratives as having a second level of reference beyond those persons, things, and events

• reading into the text

• Pharisees downfall

Exegesis

• extract from the original meaning of the text understand it in the world it was originally written —> then apply

Eisegesis

• someone impresses their own personal beliefs upon the Bible

Hermeneutics

• is the theory and methodology of interpretation

Core beliefs of second-temple Judaism

• Monotheism

• Election (Israel is Yahweh’s chosen people)

• Eschatology (soon act to rescue and restore us in fufillment

Atheism

Belief that there is no God

What are the two types of Athiesm

• Hard: I know there is no god(s)

• Soft: I lack belief that there is a god(s)

Agnosticism

The belief that the existence/non existence of a god(s) is unknown or unknowable

Deism

Belief in the existence of a creator who does not intervene in the universe

Theism

Belief in the existence of at least one deity

theist

A person who believes there is at least one God

Three Major Jewish Sects

• Orthodox

• Conservative

• Progressive (faith is changing, doesn’t need to embrace the old but instead the new)

What are the Synoptic Gospels

• Matthew

• Mark

• Luke

Assimilation

Joining Israelite community often through marriage or acceptances of the beliefs of the community

God Fearers

Class of Gentile sympathizers to Hellenistic Judaism and observed certain religious rites and traditions without becoming full converts

Eschatology

Study of eventual expectations of the end of the present age human history or the world itself

Ex. Revelations

Symbols of Second Temple Judaism

• temple

• Land

• Scriptures

Intertestamental and Second Temple Period

Time between old and new testaments

Order of the Intertestamental periods

• Persians

• Greek

• Hasmonean

• Roman

Persian Period

• Babylonians led by chad attacked the southern kingdom of Judah

  • Took most of pop.

• Israelites pay tribute to the Babylonians

• Medians become a problem

  • Had to put focus on tamping down revolts

• During captivity

  • Esther

• Return

  • Persians conquer the Babylonian empire

  • Allows Jews to return to the land

• Impact on Jews?

  • Had been separated from temple

  • Creation of synagogues

• Significant developments

  • Adopted Aramaic

  • 
    

Hasmonean Dynasty

• origin was a rebel group

• Israel returned to a kingship under Hasmonean families

  • Strict about adherence to God’s laws

• Tension between Pharisees and the Hasmoneans

• Started to act like the Seleucids they had replaced

• Samaria bad

• Four parties emerge with problems against hellenization

Sadducees

• distinguished

• Not opposed to Herod

• Hated common people

• Denied New Testament stuff

  
  

Pharisees

• promoted purity to the Torah

• Very conservative

• Oral tradition

• Belief in resurrection

Essenes

• Strict adherence to God’s laws

• Formed communes (male only)

• Where the Dead Sea scrolls came from

Zealots

• physical violence necessary to deal with corrupt rulers

• Roman period

• Many were assassins

Roman Period

• Antipater

  • Because of this dude’s politics Herod sought to replace his father as the governor

• Herod

  • Man made mountain

  • Weird dude

• Constant revolts led by Zealots against Rome’s authority

  • Hasmoneans were not fun for them

• Caesarea crucifixtion

• Nero

  • Thought Christian’s burned down the city oops

  • Burned down temple with fire with people inside

  • No more nation for the Jews

• Masada (last holdout)

• Foundation of the New Testament

Pseudepigrapha

False attribution of an authoritative name