PSY273: Final Exam (Attraction & Altruism)

reciprocity (attraction)

we like people who like us

reactance

threatened freedoms are more desirable

similarity (attraction)

we like similar others and dislike dissimilar others (religion, education, attitudes, etc.)

two stage (attraction)

we avoid dissimilar others → attracted to most similiar of others

balance theory (heider, 1958)

we perfer balanced relationships (me)(you)(x) = +; unbalanced = discomfort

matching phenomenon (fiengold, 1988)

people become involved with others of similar physical attractiveness (ex. angelina jolie and brad pitt)

symmetrical

__________ faces tend to be more “attractive”

beautiful; ugly

what is _________ is good, what is ________ is bad

communal relationship

responsibility for others’ welfare (close friends & family)

exchange relationship

keep track & repay favors (acquaintances, business partners)

stimulus-value-role theory

relationship based on different factors at different stages (excitement and affection-similarity in beliefs-interdependence)

attachment theory (ainsworth, 1967)

childhood attachment styles reflect adult attachment in relationships

secure, anxious, avoidant

types of attachment styles

theory of passionate love (berscheid & walster, 1974)

attribution of arousal to partner = love/attraction

triangular theory of love (sternberg, 1986)

intimacy & passionate love (romantic), intimacy & commitment (companionate), passionate & commitment (fatuous), all three (consummate)

social exchange theory (thibaut & kelley, 1959)

relationships with high rewards and low costs will be more satisfying and endure longer

relationship-enhancing attributions

positive events → internal, stable, global; negative events → external, unstable, specific

distress-maintaining attributions

negative events → internal, stable, global; postive events → external, unstable, specific

inclusion of other in the self (IOS)

greater overlap = longer relationship