Introduction to Human Geography

Human Geography

How people shape places and societies.

Globalization

Growing worldwide connections.

Scale

Level of geographic analysis.

Medical Geography

Mapping disease patterns.

Cholera

Water‑borne disease spread globally.

Location

Where things are.

Human‑Environment Interaction

People and environment influence each other.

Region

Areas with shared traits.

Place

Meaning attached to locations.

Movement

Flow of people, goods, ideas.

Cartography

Map‑making.

Reference Map

Shows locations.

Thematic Map

Shows patterns.

GPS

Satellite location system.

Relative Location

Location compared to others.

Mental Map

Internal map of known places.

Activity Space

Daily movement area.

Remote Sensing

Data from satellites.

GIS

Layered spatial data.

GIScience

Study of geospatial tech.

Formal Region

Shared trait area.

Functional Region

Activity‑based area.

Perceptual Region

Region based on beliefs.

Culture

Lifestyle, values, beliefs.

Culture Trait

Single cultural feature.

Culture Complex

Combined traits.

Cultural Hearth

Origin of traits.

Independent Invention

Same idea develops separately.

Expansion Diffusion

Spreads outward, stays strong.

Contagious Diffusion

Rapid, widespread spread.

Hierarchical Diffusion

Spread through key groups.

Stimulus Diffusion

Idea changes as it spreads.

Relocation Diffusion

Spread via migration.

Environmental Determinism

Environment controls humans.

Possibilism

Environment limits; culture chooses.

Cultural Ecology

Culture adapts to environment.

Political Ecology

Politics shape environmental impact.

Political Geography

Power & boundaries.

Economic Geography

Economic patterns.

Population Geography

Population distribution.

Urban Geography

Cities & urban systems.

Cultural Geography

Cultural patterns.