Medieval Crusades, Heresies, Mysticism, and Church Schisms

3rd reason for crusade failrure

Western leaders often worked indepentantly

2nd crusage- attempt to reqcpture edessa, French and German leaders worked independantly creating lack of coordination

Inspiring forces of the Poverty Movement

Concern that the church had grown too wealthy, focusing too much on money and power (simony)

the energy of the crusades inspired a desire in christians to live out biblical values of simplicity

1st heresy and its problem

Catharism: adopted beliefs claiming the physical world was evil, rejected the church sacrements and the belief that jesus was flesh

2nd heresy and its problem

Waldensenianism: denied doctrine of transubstantiation (Eucharist is true body and blood of christ). Followers handed out bibles in vernacular languages, and act of defiance against the church's tradition and a challenge of the popes power

1st Mendicant Order and Reason for Success

Fransiscans, Francis proved that extreme poverty ould work within the church, he focused on personal conversion instead of church heirarchy

2nd Mendicant Order and Reason for Success

Dominicans combated heresey through intelectualism and holiness, Dominic moved monks outside of monestaries to preach simply, like how Jesus did.

Scholasticism

A strategy of debate using a thesis, antithesis, and a synthesis (aristotle)

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Aquinas and scholasticism

he took scholasticism and applied it to theological arguments

Problems with scholasticism

Fallible Reason: humans make mistakes in logic

Lack of Passion, Mystics ctritizised scholasticism for having no emotional content

Mysticism

Contemplative prayer, wanting a transcendental experience of mustical union with God

Bonacenture and Mysticism

He believed that knowledge grows theough stages of Awakening, Purgation, illumination, and dark night

Problem with Mysticism

Relies on personal visions or feelings, can be deceptive

Tbe goal of union cannot be easily taught or communicated to others

teleological proof

When you find a design, it is reasonable to impy there is a designer

2nd opposing idea to teleological proof (evolution)

Theory of evolution: the worlds complexity can be explained through natural selection and evolution rather than there being a designer

2 responses to the opposing ideas of the teleological proof

Probability: Other solutions do exist, but it is more probable that God designed the world, rather than everything being pure chance

Fine Tuning: The big bang and ecolution are both acceptable, but god was needed to create the percise conditions needed for the world to evolve

Compare and contrast spanish and medieval leaders

While the leaders of the Medieval inquisitions were Popes, the leaders of the Spanish inquiries were Political leaders.

why the spanish and medieval inquiries arent the same

Medieval inquisitions were religious efforts to correct heresey, the spanish goal was a political power grab to improve royal authority

Avignon papacy

Period when 7 popes welived in avignon and france under heavy secular influence

Authority loss after Avignon papacy & Papal schism

The Papacy lost authority because of the excessive use of excommunication, taking away its meaning and how it was seen by the people

Power loss after Avignon papacy & Papal schism (sigismund & consiliarism)

Emperor Sigismund: HOly Roman Emperor that had to interfere to fix the church by calling a council of constantine, showed that the pope could not manage the church alone

Consiliarism: Church counsils were becoming more powerful than nay individual Popes

first reason for crusade failure

jerusalem was too far

1st opposing idea to teleological proof (flawed world)

We live in a flawed world, if God is a "grand designer", why are there mistakes in the world

Compare and contrast spanish and medieval targets

While the Medieval inquisitions focused on heretics from the poverty movement like cathars and waldensenians, the Spanish targeted muslims, jews, and converted groups like conversos, converted jews, and moriscos, converted muslims.

Compare and contrast spanish and medieval Goals

Medieval aimed to save the souls of the heretics, while the Spanish wanted to unify the country as a catholic nation and centralize royal power

Papal schism

a split where multiple popes claimed authority at the same time after a disputed election

Purpose of the Crusade

secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both Christians and Muslims. redirect internal european violence to an external conflict

second reason for crusade failure +examples

distrust betweem the east and west = betreyal

1st crusade- during siege of nicea, emperor of Bysantine negotiated a peace treaty w/ the turks behing the crusaders backs

4th crusade - crusaders shifted focus from jerusalem and attacked the christian city of constantinople

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