CH. 4 SECT 1 STUDY GUIDE

What are organic compounds?

- Carbon-containing compounds found in all things on Earth.

What is the simplest hydrocarbon?

- Methane.

What is the primary component of natural gas?

- Methane (1 carbon, 4 hydrogens).

What is a methyl group?

- CH₂.

What is ethane?

- A 2 carbon hydrocarbon (C₂H₆).

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

- Hydrocarbons where all bonds are single bonds.

What does it mean for a hydrocarbon to be saturated?

- No additional hydrogen atoms can be added; carbon is saturated with hydrogen atoms.

What suffix is used for saturated hydrocarbons?

-ane.

What are some examples of saturated hydrocarbons?

- Methane, propane, butane.

What are the uses of methane?

- Stoves and furnaces.

What are the uses of propane?

- Gas grills and hot air balloons.

What are the uses of butane?

- Camp stoves and lighters.

What happens when larger hydrocarbons form?

- They form by deleting hydrogen and adding a methyl group.

What is the role of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in naming organic compounds?

- It provides guidelines for naming based on the number of carbon atoms.

What prefixes indicate the number of carbon atoms in organic compounds?

- Prefixes indicate how many carbon atoms are present.

What are cyclic hydrocarbons?

- Hydrocarbons that form rings instead of chains.

What are some examples of sugars that contain cyclic hydrocarbons?

- Sucrose, fructose, glucose.

What is the significance of double bonds in hydrocarbons?

- Some hydrocarbons can contain more than one double bond.