U1B DISSACHHARRIDES POLYSACCHARIEDS

What are disaccharides

2 monosaccharides joined together

how are disaccharides made

hydroxyl group of 1 monosaccharides combine with hydrogen of another monosaccharide

what do you add to break a glycosidic bonds

broken when adding water -hydrolysis reaction

what is an glycosidic bond

form when 2 monosaccharides bond together in a condensation reaction

when is alpha GB formed

OH group C-1 below ring plate

when is a beta GB formed

OH group C-1 above ring plate

name 3 common disaccharides

• lactose

• maltose

• sucrose

info on lactose

• consist of monomers glucose and galactose

• found naturally in milk

info on maltose

formed by dehydration reaction between 2 glucose molecules

info on sucrose

• most common

• compose of monomers glucose and fructose

what are polysaccharides

polymers made from repeating units of monosaccharides

name the most important polysaccharides

• amylose

• amylopectin

• glycogen

• cellulose

what is amylose

• linear molecule

• tightly packed helical structure

what is amylopectin

branched structure makes it easier to break down so more rapid energy

where is glucose stored in plant and animals when needed for respiration

plans= starch

animals= glycogen

why is cellulose so important

Major component of the cell walls of green plants

what are the factors of cellulose

• contain b 1-4 glycosidic bonds

• straight chain molecules no branching or coiling

• each molecule is stiff and rod like

• form microfibrils

how are microfibrils formed

cellulose chains line up next to each other/form hydrogen bonds between adjacent hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

where are fibres found

only found in plant cell walls.

what do microfibrils combine to make

combine to make fibres

give me 2 structure of Fibres

• insoluble in water

• strong

the Fibres are strong why is that?

to keep the cell rigid

what is the iodine test most used for

complex carbs such as polysaccharides

what is benedict’s solution for

For carbohydrates

what is benedict’s solution?

deep blue alkaline chemical reagent used for detecting sugars

how to test for benedict’s solution

1) benedict’s solution

2) add sample

3) heat

4) turns into different colours

what colours do the turn?

blue-green, yellow-orange or brick red