Family Studies Exam Review

What are the four social sciences?

Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology, and Economics.

Sociology

The study of how individuals behave when they interact in social groups.

Psychology

The study of human behaviour and emotions and how they affect our responses.

Anthropology

The study of human behaviour within cultural groups in society.

Economics

The study of the production and distribution of wealth.

What does PQDAC stand for?

Problem, Question, Data, Analyze, Conclusion.

Opinion

A belief or judgment based on personal observations or feelings.

Fact

A statement supported by evidence that can be observed and verified.

Growth

Physical changes that occur in the body.

Development

The coordination of skills into complex behaviour.

Erikson's infancy stage

Trust vs Mistrust.

What happens during trust vs mistrust?

Children learn to trust others and feel secure that the world is safe and predictable.

Erikson's toddler stage

Autonomy vs Doubt.

What happens during autonomy vs doubt?

Children learn to act independently and make their own choices.

Erikson's preschool stage

Initiative vs Guilt.

What happens during initiative vs guilt?

Children learn to act with purpose and try again when unsuccessful.

Erikson's school-age stage

Industry vs Inferiority.

What happens during industry vs inferiority?

Children learn to work hard, develop skills, and take pride in accomplishments.

Erikson's adolescence stage

Identity vs Role Confusion.

What happens during identity vs role confusion?

Adolescents develop a sense of who they are and where they are going.

Erikson's early adulthood stage

Intimacy vs Isolation.

Erikson's middle adulthood stage

Generativity vs Stagnation.

Erikson's aging adulthood stage

Ego Integrity vs Despair.

Pituitary gland

The master gland that regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Growth hormone (GH)

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth and cell reproduction.

Estrogen and progesterone

The primary female sex hormones that regulate reproduction and the menstrual cycle.

Testosterone

The primary male sex hormone responsible for male development and muscle growth.

Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence

Learns through reading, writing, and spoken words.

Logical/Mathematical Intelligence

Thinks deductively and works well with numbers and patterns.

Visual/Spatial Intelligence

Learns through images, diagrams, and visualization.

Body/Kinesthetic Intelligence

Learns through movement and physical activity.

Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence

Learns through rhythm, sound, and music.

Intrapersonal Intelligence

Learns through self-reflection and understanding oneself.

Interpersonal Intelligence

Learns through social interaction and empathy.

Existential Intelligence

Focuses on deep questions about life, meaning, and existence.

Naturalist Intelligence

Loves nature and classifying living things.

The Big Eight Emotions

Fear, Disgust, Anger, Joy, Surprise, Anticipation, Acceptance, Sadness.

Depression

A mood disorder characterized by extreme sadness and loss of interest.

Symptoms of depression

Hopelessness, fatigue, changes in appetite, sleep changes, lack of motivation, isolation.

How can depression be managed?

Exercise, healthy eating, planning enjoyable activities, supportive friends, breaks, and organization.

Heredity

Inherited traits passed from parents.

Examples of heredity

Wavy hair, smile, body type, intelligence, temperament.

Environment

External influences that affect development.

Examples of environmental influences

Parenting, school, peers, media, religion, community resources.

Temperament

Inherited tendencies that affect how a person responds to experiences.

Self-concept

A person's perception of themselves.

Self-esteem

A person's judgment of their self-concept.

Self-image

The perception a person has of themselves.

Tangible values

Values involving things that can be seen and touched.

Examples of tangible values

House, car, money, jewelry, clothes.

Intangible values

Values involving things that cannot be touched or seen.

Examples of intangible values

Love, trust, friendship, education, religion.

Rights

Protections and freedoms guaranteed by laws and charters.

Responsibilities

Actions and duties for which a person is accountable.

Difference between rights and responsibilities

Rights provide protection; responsibilities help society function fairly.

Freedom of expression

The right to express opinions and ideas freely.

Legal rights

Rights protecting people accused of crimes.

Equality rights

Rights guaranteeing equality regardless of differences.

Needs

Things necessary for growth, development, and survival.

Wants

Things that make life more enjoyable but are not necessary.

Examples of needs

Food, shelter, safety, exercise.

Examples of wants

Vacations, cookies, a new bag, learning piano.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory explaining that people meet basic needs before higher-level needs.

Physiological needs

Basic survival needs such as food, water, shelter, and sleep.

Safety needs

Security, health, protection, and stability.

Love and belongingness needs

Friendships, family, relationships, and social acceptance.

Esteem needs

Respect, achievement, confidence, and recognition.

Self-actualization needs

Reaching one's full potential and personal growth.

SMART goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely.

Specific goal

Clearly states what is to be achieved.

Measurable goal

Can be tracked or measured.

Attainable goal

A goal that can realistically be achieved.

Realistic goal

A goal that fits available resources and circumstances.

Timely goal

A goal with a reasonable deadline.

Habit decision

Making choices based on routine.

Custom decision

Making choices based on traditions or culture.

Imitation decision

Copying choices made by others.

Impulse decision

Making choices without thinking through consequences.

Coin toss decision

Leaving a choice to chance.

Default decision

Choosing not to make a decision.

Step 1 of decision making

Identify the problem.

Step 2 of decision making

Determine standards for success.

Step 3 of decision making

Identify alternatives

Step 4 of decision making

Predict consequences.

Step 5 of decision making

Estimate probabilities.

Step 6 of decision making

Choose the best alternative.

Step 7 of decision making

Carry out the decision.

Step 8 of decision making

Evaluate the results.

Rapport

Feeling comfortable in another person's company.

Reciprocity

A two-way relationship requiring commitment from both people.

Acquaintance

Someone known through shared activities.

Peer group friend

Someone you spend time with because you enjoy their company.

Proximity friend

A friend formed because of spending time together.

Significant relationship

A relationship involving meaningful conversation and connection.

Intimate friendship

A friendship requiring the greatest commitment.

Functional relationship

A relationship where all parties benefit.

Role

The part a person plays in life.

Role model

A person admired and respected who provides a positive example.

Communication

The exchange of information between two or more people.

Verbal communication

Communication using spoken or written words.