Disorders

apnea

absence of breathing

atelectasis

a lung disease characterized by reversible inflammation and construction

atelectasis

collapse of a lung or part of a lung, leading to decreased gas exchange

bradypnea

abnormally slow breathing

bronchial pneumonia

inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes

bronchiestasis

chronic dilation of the bronchi

bronchiostenosis

narrowing of the bronchial tubes

bronchitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes

bronchoconstriction

the bronchi become narrowed or constricted

bronchodilation

the bronchi become more open or dilated

bronchopneumonia

inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes

bronchospaam

abnormal contraction of bronchi

Cheyne-Strokes

a rhythmic respiratory pattern where there is a variation in depth of respirations alternating with periods

common cold virus

any virus associated with the common cold, chiefly rhinoviruses

croup (krupe), laryngotracheobronchitis

viral infection that causes swelling of the larynx and epiglottis

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to deficient oxygenation of the blood

cystic fibrous

genetic disorder in which the lungs become clogged with excessive amounts of abnormally thick mucus

dysphonia

difficult or painful speech

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

emphysema

condition in which the alveoli are inefficient because of distension

epiglottis

inflammation of the epiglottis

eupnea

normal breathing while resting

hemoptysis

spitting or coughing up blood

influenza

highly contagious viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that is spread by droplets

Kussmaul

rapid deep respirations that are characteristic of an A-B imbalance (e.g., in uncontrolled diabetes)

orthopnea

discomfort or difficulty in breathing while lying flat; relieved by sitting up

pertussis

acute infectious inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi cause by “Bordetella pertussis”

phrenoplegia

paralysis of the diaphragm

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura

pneumolith

calculus (stone) in lung

pneumonia

inflammation of a lung caused by infection, chemical inhalation, or trauma

pneumothroax

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity

rales

abnormal breath sound; crackles

rhinitis

inflammation of the inner lining of the nasal cavity

rhinopathy

any disease of the nose

rhonchi

abnormal breathing sound; low-pitched sonorous sounds

stridor

high-pitches squeaking sound frequently associated with croup

tachypnea

abnormal rapid breathing

tuberculosis

disease caused by “Mycobacterium tuberculosis”, mainly affecting the lungs

wheezing

abnormal breathing sounds, whistling sounds with upper respiratory airway obstruction