CCNA::DAY 3

Which organization defines standards used on local area networks?

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

Which organization defines standards used on the Internet?

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

The IETF publishes standards in documents called […].

RFCs (Requests for Comments)

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, what is Layer 1?

Physical layer

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, what is Layer 2?

Local Network layer (a.k.a., Data Link layer)

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, what is Layer 3?

Internet layer (a.k.a., Network layer)

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, what is Layer 4?

Transport layer

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, what is Layer 5?

Application layer*also called Layer 7 due to the OSI model

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, which layer sends bits as electrical, optical, or radio signals?

Layer 1 (Physical)

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, which layer provides hop-to-hop delivery within a local network using MAC addresses and switches?

Layer 2 (Local Network layer, a.k.a., Data Link layer)

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, which layer provides end-to-end communication between hosts across networks using IP addresses and routers?

Layer 3 (Internet layer, a.k.a., Network layer)

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, which layer provides end-to-end communication between application processes using port numbers?

Layer 4 (Transport layer)

In the 5-layer TCP/IP model, which layer includes protocols for communication between applications, creating and interpreting the data?

Layer 5 (Application layer)*Also known as Layer 7 due to the OSI model

What is the name of the process in which headers and a trailer are added to a message before transmitting it?

Encapsulation

What is the name of the process in which headers and a trailer are removed from a message by the receiving host?

Decapsulation (or de-encapsulation)

What does PDU stand for?

protocol data unit

An L4PDU is called a […] or […]

segment or datagram(segment when using TCP, datagram when using UDP)

An L3PDU is called a […].

packet

An L2PDU is called a […].

frame

The contents of each PDU (everything encapsulated by that layer’s header/trailer) are called the […].

payload

The payload of a frame (L2PDU) is […].

a packet (L3PDU)

The payload of a packet (L3PDU) is […]

a segment (TCP) or datagram (UDP) (L4PDU)

The payload of a segment or datagram (L4PDU) is […]

data (from the Application layer)

Interaction between a layer and those above and below it is called […].

adjacent-layer interaction

Interaction between a layer and the equivalent layer on another device is called […].

same-layer interaction