Diagnosis/Disorders

At least one manic episode.

Depression may occur, but it is not required for the diagnosis.

Bipolar I Disorder The Fastest NCE Memory Device Bipolar I = ONE Mania

Requires BOTH:

1. At least one hypomanic episode

2. At least one major depressive episode

No history of mania.

Bipolar II Disorder Bipolar II = Two moods required

Chronic fluctuating hypomanic and depressive symptoms for 2+ years; no full episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

• Lasts at least 4 days

• Noticeable change in functioning

• Not severe enough for hospitalization

• No psychosis

• Potentially less sleep, more talkative, feeling confident/powerful/risk taking/ racing thoughts

Hypomania (include length?) (psychosis or no?)

Psychotic symptoms for more than 6 months.

Schizophrenia

Psychotic symptoms lasting 1–6 months.

Schizophreniform Disorder (Looks like schizophrenia, but hasn’t lasted long enough yet)

Psychotic symptoms lasting less than 1 month with full return to baseline.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Mood episode present, but psychosis also occurs for at least 2 weeks without mood symptoms.

Schizoaffective Disorder (Schizophrenia + a major mood disorder.) "If I magically removed the depression or mania, would the hallucinations/delusions still be there?"

• No → Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features

• Yes → Schizoaffective Disorder

Memory device = AFFECT - mood

One or more fixed delusions with otherwise relatively intact functioning.

Delusional Disorder

Trauma symptoms lasting more than 1 month.

PTSD

Trauma symptoms lasting 3 days to 1 month.

Acute Stress Disorder

Emotional reaction to an identifiable stressor within 3 months; does not meet criteria for another disorder.

Adjustment Disorder (inc. time period)

Excessive anxiety and worry more days than not for at least 6 months.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (inc. time period)

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks plus worry about future attacks.

Panic Disorder

Fear of social scrutiny, embarrassment, or judgment.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of a specific object or situation.

Specific Phobia

Fear of situations where escape may be difficult if panic symptoms occur.

Agoraphobia

Obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming and distressing.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder "I have thoughts and behaviors I do not want."

OCD = Anxiety

• Intrusive thoughts

• Rituals

• Distress

Perfectionism, rigidity, and need for control; behaviors are viewed as appropriate by the individual.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - "I think my way is the right way."

OCPD = Perfectionism

• Control

• Rules

• Rigidity

"Does the person hate the symptoms and wish they would stop?"

• Yes → OCD

• No, they think they're right → OCPD

Fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, identity disturbance, impulsivity.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Disregard for rights of others; age 18+ with evidence of conduct disorder before age 15.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to criticism.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Needs others to make decisions; difficulty functioning independently.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Persistent violation of rules and rights of others during childhood/adolescence.

Conduct Disorder

Argumentative, defiant, angry toward authority figures; does not violate rights of others.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Two or more distinct personality states with memory gaps.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Feeling detached from oneself or surroundings while reality testing remains intact.

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually after trauma.

Dissociative Amnesia

Restriction of food intake resulting in significantly low body weight.

Anorexia Nervosa

Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise).

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating without compensatory behaviors.

Binge Eating Disorder

Intentionally produces symptoms to assume the sick role; no obvious external reward.

Factitious Disorder

Intentionally produces symptoms for external gain (money, avoiding work, legal benefit).

Malingering

Persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity beginning in childhood.

ADHD

Deficits in social communication plus restricted/repetitive behaviors.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Need increasing amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.

Tolerance

Symptoms occur when substance use is stopped or reduced.

Withdrawal

Depressed mood for at least 2 weeks.

Major Depressive Disorder

Chronic depressed mood for at least 2 years.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech.

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Flat affect, avolition, alogia, anhedonia.

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

1- Avolition?

2- Alogia?

3- Anhedonia?

1 - Lack of drive to do anything

2- Reduced speech

3 - Inability to experience pleasure

As compared to depression, the issue is more diminished functioning than emotional suffering. A depressed person is sad/miserable

Odd/eccentric personality disorders: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal.

Cluster A

Dramatic/emotional personality disorders: Antisocial, Borderline (fear of abandonment/unstable relationships & emotions), Histrionic (look at me!), Narcissistic.

Cluster B

Anxious/fearful personality disorders: Avoidant, Dependent, OCPD.

Cluster C

Differentiating schizos: time period for brief psychotic?

less than 1 mo

Differentiating schizos: time period for schizophreniform

1-6 months psychosis

Differentiating schizos: time period for schizophrenia

6+ mos of psychosis

schizoaffective

schizophrenia symptoms + mood disorder, with psychosis that can stand on its own.

mood disorder with psychotic features

A person has a mood disorder (major depression or bipolar disorder), and the psychosis occurs only during the mood episode.

The psychosis can include:

• Hallucinations

• Delusions

But the key is:

When the mood episode ends, the psychosis ends.

Schizoid personality disorder

• Socially detached

• Prefers being alone

• Limited emotional expression

• Not psychotic

schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder, while schizoid and schizotypal are personality disorders (Cluster A)

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

• Odd & eccentric

• Social anxiety

• Odd beliefs or magical thinking

• Strange speech

• Unusual perceptions

• Eccentric behavior

schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder, while schizoid and schizotypal are personality disorders (Cluster A)