cross-modal/cross-dimensional correspondences

what are the four suggested types of cross-dimensional correspondences (CDCs)?

• semantic- linked to language/meaning

• structural- shared neural systems

• emotion mediation- linked to emotional response

• statistical- learned regularities

what are dimensions?

separable types of information, such as shape or brightness

what are crossmodal correspondences?

associations across modes (modes = senses)

what are cross-dimensional correspondences?

associations across dimensions

describe the relationship between crossmodal and cross-dimensional correspondences

all CMCs are CDCs, but not all CDCs are CMCs

(NOTE: literature generally refers to all types as CMCs)

what are the two types of of measures used to research connections between dimensions?

• explicit measures: asking someone about their experiences

• implicit measures- measuring the influence of associations on behavioural responses

describe congruent/incongruent parirings in terms of kiki and bouba

CONGRUENT:

• spiky shape = kiki

• wavy shape = bouba

INCONGRUENT:

• spiky shape = bouba

• wavy shape = kiki
  

state an explicit measure used to measure the congruencies of CDCs

dimension matching tasks- asking participants how they prefer two dimensions to match. for example, marks (1974) found that participants were more likely to find higher pitched noises linked congruently to lighter shades of gray

describe bremner et al’s 2013 explicit measures study into CDCs

himba participants from namibia were asked how they preferred shapes, sounds, and food/drink to be matched together.

they found that bouba matched to the wavy shape and kiki matched to the spiky shape (SIGNIFICANT)

they found that there was no clear pattern between water and the shape

they found that bitter chocolate matched to the wavy shape (SIGNIFICANT)

describe evans & treisman’s 2010 implicit study into CDCs

they tested a range of dimension pairs, including size vs pitch. they found that large was paired with low pitch, and small with high pitch

how is a CDC established through explicit measures?

when looking at group bias, if there is a statistically meaningful bias towards one particular pairing? if so, then it is reasonable to state that there is a CDC between these dimensions

how is a CDC established through implicit measures?

when looking at behavioural influences of congruency, if there is a statistically meaningful behavioural facilitation effect of congruency then it is reasonable to state that there is a CDC between these dimensions

state ernst’s 2007 findings into whether CDCs are inherent or learned

he questioned whether a new CDC can be learned between visual luminance and haptic stiffness, and found that 11/12 participants experiences a learning effect