Science 10 Review - Biology, Chemistry, and Energy
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A set of practice flashcards based on Science 10 review lecture notes covering genetics, biodiversity, chemical reactions, and thermal energy.
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31 Terms
Genome
THE COMPLETE DN IN AN ORGANISM IS CALLED THE ORGANISMS GENOME
Sex chromosomes
The components that determine whether an individual is a genetic male or a genetic female.
Amino acid
The corresponding building block for a protein molecule.
DNA replication
The process that produces DNA molecules consisting of one original strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.
Allele
Different forms of the same gene.
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by letters such as Mm or TT.
Phenotype
The physical appearance or expressed inherited traits of an organism.
Mass extinction
An event, such as the one occurring 250 million years ago, where approximately 95% of the species on the planet disappeared.
Adaptation
A structural or behavioral feature, such as webbed feet on ducks, that allows an organism to survive and reproduce.
In vitro
A term meaning "outside of living cells," often referring to processes occurring in laboratory glassware.
Plasmids
Bacterial structures used as vectors in gene cloning to carry genetic material into foreign cells.
Invasive species
A non-native species, such as the Himalayan blackberry, that starts to choke out other plant species in the vicinity.
Safety Data Sheet
A document required by law that includes chemical and physical properties, hazards, and instructions for handling, storing, and disposing of chemicals.
Closed system
A system in which energy can enter or leave, but matter cannot.
Open system
A system that allows the exchange of both matter and energy with its surroundings.
Law of conservation of mass
The principle stating that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
how are dna and rna similar
they are both types of nucleic acids made up of nucleotides
Activation energy
The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Law of conservation of energy
The law stating that the total energy of the Universe is constant and that energy can be transferred or transformed but not created or destroyed.
Endothermic reaction
A reaction where the energy required to break chemical bonds is greater than the energy released when new bonds form.
Exothermic reaction
A reaction where more energy is released when new bonds form than is absorbed when the reactant bonds are broken.
Double replacement reaction
A reaction where the positive ions of two ionic reactant compounds change places.
how many chromosomes are in human skin cells and egg cells
46 and 23
Convection
The process where lower air warms, expands, and rises, only to be replaced by cooler, dense air.
skin cells are able to pass on their characteristics to new skin cells because of which of the following?
dna of chromosomes being replicated
Adaptive radiation
A process where one common ancestor gives rise to a variety of different species.
Artificial selection
A process where humans choose desirable traits in animals or plants to breed.
Karyotype
A method where chromosomes are paired according to their length and sorted from longest to shortest.
how are dna and rna similar
they are both types of nucleic acids made up of nucleotides
how many chromosomes are in human skin cells and egg cells
46 and 23
skin cells are able to pass on their characteristics to new skin cells because of which of the following?
dna of chromosomes being replicated