Unit 3 (1754-1800)

What was the name of the war that was caused over territorial expansion in the Ohio River Valley? Who was the war between?

• French and Indian War

• Britain and France

What was The Treaty of Paris? What did it end?

• France ceded to Britain, leading to them gaining control of Canada and almost everything east of the Mississippi River

• It ended the French and Indian War

What was the name of the rebellion between Native Americans and Britain after Britain raised pricing of goods sold to Natives?

Pontiac’s Rebellion

After violence between Natives and colonists escalated, what did the British do in response? What did this do?

• Establishment of the Proclamation Line of 1763

• limit colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

What was the Albany Plant of Union?

Representatives from 7 colonies met to consider a plan for intercolonial government and tax collecting system, which was rejected.

What did Britain do to the colonies after the war?

Taxed colonists as they believed they should help pay the debt that was caused by the war.

What was the name of the act that established duties in hopes to stop molasses smuggling? How did the colonists feel about it?

• The Sugar Act (1764)

• Although it lowered duty on imported molasses, colonists were mad because of the enforcement

What was the name of the act that required paid stamps on printed materials? How did the colonists feel about it?

• The Stamp Act (1765)

• They believed it was unfair because there should be no taxation without representation; many boycotts

What was created after the Stamp Act was passed? Its purpose?

• Stamp Act Congress

• To repeal the Stamp Acts and assert colonial rights to self-govern

What did Britain do after the boycotts in response to the Stamp Act?

• They repealed the Stamp Acts

• Replaced it with the Declaratory Acts

Describe the Declaratory Acts.

Asserted parliaments authority to legislate for the colonies in all cases whatsoever.

What was the name of the act that placed duties on imports (glass, paint, paper, and tea)?

Townshend acts (1767)

What was the outcome of the Townshend acts?

• boycotting of British goods

• Massachusetts Assembly, who circulated the Massachusetts Circular Letter that urged unified protests

• Repealed most Townshend duties

What was the act that made colonists responsible for feeding and housing British troops?

The Quartering Act (1765)

What was the event where soldiers fired into a crowd, killing five? What was the outcome of this?

• The Boston Massacre (1770)

• Patriots framed it as soldiers shooting innocent bystanders, portraying British power as tyrannical

What was the act that taxed tea, where colonists were upset because of Parliament’s taxation power? Why did they boycott the act?

• The Tea Act (1773)

• They thought buying the tea would acknowledge Parliament’s authority

What was the retaliation of colonists to the Tea Act?

Boston Tea Party: Dumped millions of dollars worth of tea into the Boston Harbor

What was the act that was in response to the Boston Tea Party? What did it do?

• The Coercive (Intolerable) Acts

• It closed Boston Harbor, tightened British Control over Massachusetts government, and reinforced quartering requirements

What was the First Continental Congress? What was the purpose?

Where delegates gathered to discuss the Intolerable Acts. It established the Articles of Association, which was a colony-wide boycott of British goods and halt exports to Britain if the Intolerable acts were not repealed.

What was the Second Continental Congress? What was the purpose?

Wartime government that organized the Continental army, printed money, created government offices to supervise policies, and chose George Washington as commander.

What was sent to Britain as a last effort to request redress while affirming loyalty to the king? What was the King’s response?

• The Olive Branch Petition (1775)

• The King rejected it, and established the colonies in open rebellion, pushing colonists more towards independence

What was the writing that influenced colonists to want independence from Britain?

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

What did the Declaration of Independence state/do?

1) Justified independence by listing grievances against King George III

2) Declared universal principles (Natural rights, equality, government based on consent) — Enlightenment ideas

What battle convinced France to help the colonists against Britain? What did the French contribute?

• Battle of Saratoga

• money, supplies, troops, naval power, and international legitimacy

What was the significance of Yorktown?

British troop was surrounded by George Washington’s troops and French navy, causing them to surrender, which was followed by the negotiations that ended the war.

What was the ideology that women can contribute to society by educating the children of the country and supported women education?

Republican Motherhood

What was the Treaty of Paris (1783)?

Recognized American independence and granted the United States territory extending to the Mississippi river.

What were the Articles of Confederation? What were its features?

• The first national constitution

• Very week central government, most power relied in the states

What was the system for surveying, selling, and distributing land in Northwest Territory? (dividing land into 6×6 mile townships)

Land Ordinance of 1785

What was the process for admitting states from the Northwest Territory and prohibited slavery in that territory, while also adding equal slave and non-slave states?

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Describe how the Articles of Confederation impacted the United States.

• could not tax, therefore, struggling to pay debts

• No uniform commercial policy since states made separate rules for trade.

What was the event where farmers who faced imprisonment for debt, despite serving in the Revolution, took up an armed uprising? What did this show about the AOC?

• Shays Rebellion

• It was too weak, a central government was needed to maintain order