AP world history unit 7 || Global Conflict

In the first 20 years of the 20th century, rebellions took place in what places?

Russia, China, and Mexico

What was the result of these rebellions?

Revolutionaries unseated reuling governments in each country, challenging traditions and instituting own philosophies

Established landbased and maritime empires ______________ under pressure from internal and external factors.

collapsed

Describe the internal problems that Russia was facing

-Slow expansion of peasant education

-Slow to build roads and develop transportation

-did not support entrepreneurs with loans and contracts

--resisted political reform

-not supporting economic growth

-Did not recognize civil liberties and individual freedom

Internal problems led to ____________ one.

external

Why did Russia become weaker in international affairs?

Did not have an economic base to support military

Crimean War

(1853-1856) Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea; intervention by Britain and France cause Russia to lose; Russians realize need to industiralize.

Russo-Japanese War

(1904-1905) War between Russia and Japan over imperial possessions in East Asia. Japan emerges victorious.

Who were the Bolsheviks and what did they do?

An organization representing revolutionary class in RUssia led by Vladimir Lennon

What did communists believe?

Workers control means of production. Collective ownership would equal a just society.

THe new soviet, communist, government did the following

-Abolished private trade

-distributed peasants crops and fed to urban workers

-Took over ownership of the countries factories and heavy industries

Events leading to the Revolution in Russia

Internal- Bloody sunday

Internal- Revolution of 1905

external- Russo-Japanese war

External- WWI

Internal reason of revolution in Russia- Bloody Sunday

1905. Workers march peacefully to petition for greater workers rights. Tsars police shot 1300 marchers.

Internal reason of revolution in Russia- Revolution of 1905

Strikes responding to Bloody Sunday. Many refused to works which led to thousands of workers being killed.

external reason of revolution in Russia- Russo-Japanese War

Russia and Japan wanted influence in Korea and Manchuria, Japan won.

external reason of revolution in Russia- WWI

Germany declared war on Russia, civilians suffered extreme food shortages

Describe the effort of the Bolsheviks taking power over RUssia and spreading communism

People worried they were a danger to their environment.

THe Qing dynasty lasted from __________ to _______________ led by ___________

1644 to 1911, Sun Yatsen

Internal Challenges faced by the Qing dynasty- Ethnic tension

China consisted of many ethnic groups all of which were ethnically distinct

Internal Challenges faced by the Qing dynasty- famine

Rapid population growth led to hardships with increasing food production

Internal Challenges faced by the Qing dynasty- government revenues

Low taxes didn't allow for development such as roads, bridges and canals.

Describe the European influence on China in the late 18th century

Europe began taking Chinas spot in wealthiest country and most innovative.

What did CHinese people di in response to European influence in China? How did the Chinese feel about Europeans?

Manny rallied behind the empress in the 1890's they saw Europeans as violent and less civilized.

THe Qing dynasty ended in _________ because of a revolutionary movement led by ________

1911, Sun Yatsen

Despite being a Christian, Yat-sen believe China should continues to follow __________ traditions like:

Confucian

Like....

- Loyalty

-respsect for ancestors

-efforts to promote social harmony

Ideas laid out in the book "The Three People's Principles" - Democracy

Expelled foreign capitalists to redistribute revenues from taxes

Ideas laid out in the book "The Three People's Principles" - Nationalism

New sense of patriotism and loyalty to central authority

Ideas laid out in the book "The Three People's Principles" - Livelihood

Ended extreme unequal distribution of wealth and economic exploitation.

Why would SUn never rule all of China? What did he do in response to this weakness?

He did not have military strength. In response he gave position to military leader.

Describe the future for the SUn led Chinese nationalist party

He reigned power for 2 years before losing it to communists.

The Ottoman Empire had what two bad things going on?

Few exports and waning agricultural economy

Who were the Young Turks?

Nationalist group in the Ottoman empire that were created to overthrow the Sultan and advocated for turkification

Turkification

A process of cultural change designed to make all citizens of the empire feel a part of a common Turkish heritage and society

Who was opposed to Turkification and what did the young turks do in response?

Christian Armenians because of turkish Islamic culture in response young turks scapegoated armenians ifor economic issues.

Why did the Turks resent Europe?

-Foreign investments give undue power in empire

-non-profitable trade privilege's

-economic policies

Who did the Ottoman Empire side with in WWI and why?

Germany because they resented Britian and France

What was the Result of WWI on the Ottoman empire?

They were dismanteled and replaced with the nation state of Turkey

Why was the Ottoman EMpire considered a puppet state?

The sultan was still on throne but with little power.

What was the Turkish National Group? Who were the led by and what did they achieve in 1923?

They were an organized army that fought for self determination led by Mustafa Kemel. They established the republic of Turkey.

Ataturk

"Father of the Turks" who helped to create Republic of Turkey and wanted to modernize [westernize] Turkey as well as separate religion and government

His policies focused on being more like Western Democracies. How did he do this?

- Secular nation

- public education

-abolished polygny

-womens sufferage

Describe what Mexico was like until Porfirio Diaz

It was an independent nation state what was stable with economic progress.

Describe what were major causes of the Mexican Revolution.

Jailing of a canidate for president oppositions to Diaz strong armed policies. Accomidations of forgien power and opposition to land reforms.

Francisco "Pancho" Villa

A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. (819)

Emiliano Zapata

Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated.

Describe the two results of the conflicts in Mexico from 1910-1930

-Adoption of new constitution, land distribution, sufferage, education.

-Institutional revolutionary party , corrupt policies.

What was the immediate cause of WWI?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

WWI lasted from _________ to ________

1914-1918

Why is it called the Great War?

The immense scale of the fighting between the countries

WWI fundementally weakened the ___________ powers, encouraging the growth of _________ and appeals for self -rule withing European colonies in __________ and Africa.

Western- euro, nationalism, Asia

What was the immediate cause of WWI?

Arising wave of nationalism

What was the Black hand?

A nationalist group that wanted more rights for Slavs, and freedom from Austria-Hungary

Why did Astria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

Austria Hunagry demanded an end of Anti AUstralian migration in Serbia, Serbia rejected this.

Describe who declared war on who

Germnay declared war on Russia and France. Britain declared war on Germany and Austria on RUssia.

Causes of WWI: Militarism

This cause of World War I was a policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

Causes of WWI: Alliances

Alliances had formed to protect areas from major powers and take over more land using Imperialism. This resulted in major powers forming, like when Britain and France formed an alliance, it caused a war because Austria blamed Serbia for the Killing of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Triple Entente (Allies)

Great Britain, France, Russia

Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

Germany, Austria and Hungary formed an alliance for protection from the Triple Entente.

Neutral Countries (WWI)

Netherlands, Spain, Albania, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden

Causes of WWI: Imperialism

- European countries wanted more colonies since it would build up their power and wealth

- Caused conflict between nations

Causes of WWI: Nationalism

Strong pride and identification with ones nation and support of its interest this was a major cause of WWI because everyone had a strong sense of Nationalism for their own country, and supported their decisions. So when a country wanted to go to war there was little disapproval, and the strong nationalism in the NEWLY unified Germany caused them to declare war

Causes of WWI: Self determination

Idea that people of similar cultures and ehtnicity should be united and form independent states.

WWI led to the downfalls of which monarchies?

Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany and Ottoman empire

Which empires disappeared after the map of European was redrawn after WWI

THe Ottoman and AUstro-Hungarian empires

What happened to Germany after the close of WWI?

They lost all oversease oclonies and former Ottoman provinces controlled by Britain and France.

New technologies made WWI what?

The deadliest and most destructive war in history

What were some social consequences of WWI

Disrupted economics, rise of communism and fascism, revolts and genocide.

Power shifted from ____________ to ___________ after WWI?d

Europe, United States

Germany was forced to do what after WWI?

Forced to take full blame for the war and afree to reperations

Reparations

Payment for war damages

WWI gave rise to

authoritarian government regimes and WW2

Why did Great Britain creat "Pals Battalians: during WWI?

They realized patriotism is contagious, they recruited men who already know eachother.

By the end of the war, 1 out of ____ men had served in the British army

4

What was the attitude toward war in the first few months of WWI?

Many different reactions, some wanted to be enlisted, excitement of heroism

Who were the only group to openly talk about WWI in the beginning?

Leaders of some socialist parties

What were some of the horrific new advancements in war?

War technology and tactics such as trench warfare, poison gas, machine guns, submarines, airplaces, and tanks

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug on the battlefield. Many died from diseases caused by unhygienic conditions.

Poison Gas

Introduced by the Germans and was used by both sides during the war; caused vomiting, blindness, and suffocation

Machine Guns (WWI)

The machine gun typically required a six to eight-man team to operate: one fired, one fed the ammunition, the rest helped to carry the weapon, its ammunition and spare parts.

Submarines (U-boats)

WWI

*Germans used submarines (u-boats) & U.S. felt this went against the idea of "seas are free territory"

Airplanes in WWI

used to spy on the enemy. resulted in more battles with the air force (dog fights)

Tanks in WWI

WWI saw the introduction of these armored vehicles, which were impenetrable to bullets and could roll into a battle unharmed. Tanks were so successful that they were advanced to WWII.

What was the result of both sides using such brutal weapons?

The result was 4 years of talmate which death toll rose.

Why did the US enter WWI in 1917?

-Economic ties between US and the allies

-Americans believed allied nations were more democratic that central power were

-Resentment against germans for U boat attacks on ships carrying civilians.

-Interception of the Zimmerman telegram. this allied Germany and Mexico promising Mexico regain territory.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Describe the actions taken by government to ensure they won the war

Government planned production quotes and prices rationing supplies, etc. They also cencored media and those who spoke out.

What is propaganda? How and why did government invest in propoganda.

Propaganda is communication meant to influence attitudes of a community. gvos invested in wartime propagandas through posters and articles

What increased hatred across boarders

Use of emotional and misleading information increased hatred among civilians and solders.

Where was WWI fought?

-Europe

-Asia

-Africa

-In the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

Competition for ______________ was a major cause in the war?

colonies

What impact had imperialism have on WWI?

Extended boundaries of the war, major wars fought in North Africa and Middle East.

Why did Japan enter the war on the side of the allies? Who took most of Germanies colonies in Africa?

Japan entered on the side of the allies. British seized most of Germany's colonies

Who was ANZAC? Where di they fought and what was the result?

ANZAC was special coop of AUstralians and NEw Zealanders. They fought at Callopolia, Turkey and this resulted in allies loses.

Who did Britiain begin drafting?

Africans, Indians for combat roles

Where did many Arabs fight and why

They fought with Allies because British promised self-rule if they were victorious.

How and why did womens lives change during WWI?

Replaced rules of men on farms and factories. THey also served on front lines.

Which countries allowed women to enlist?

Russia, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria

How did Russia utilize women in the war?

THey created an all female battalion to shame men into contributing to fight

What was the Paris Peace conference? Who attended and which country did they represent?

A conference of victorious countries, big four, Woodrow Wilson from the US, David George from Great Britain, George Clemendu from France, and Vittorio Orland from Italy