Globalisation

What does Giddens mean by globalisation?

Globalisation is the increasing interconnectedness of societies.

What is Waters' definition of globalisation?

A social process where geographical constraints on economic, political, social and cultural arrangements have declined.

What facilitated globalisation in the past?

Advances in traditional communication such as television.

What has accelerated globalisation in recent years?

The development of IT (internet) and increased international migration.

According to Kelly, how has globalisation influenced education policy?

Education policy aims to ensure students can compete internationally in a global economy.

Why are skilled workers important in a globalised economy?

They help maintain a country's position in the G7 richest nations.

How have governments responded to globalisation in education?

By introducing more rigorous standards and exams.

How was PISA used to justify education reforms?

Falling UK rankings were used to justify stricter primary and secondary school standards and exams.

What were the UK's PISA reading rankings over time?

25th (2009), 22nd (2015), 14th (2018).

What is meant by the commodification of students?

Students are treated as commodities to be bought and sold in the education market.

Who introduced the idea of commodification in education?

Ball.

How do universities demonstrate commodification?

They compete for overseas students who pay higher fees and expand using British 'brands'.

How has globalisation affected student mobility?

More students study abroad, often due to lower costs outside the UK.

What evidence supports the idea that students are commodified?

50% consider studying abroad and 14% actually move due to high UK costs.

What is the main criticism of commodification?

Education is driven by profit, treating students as products rather than learners.

How has globalisation affected the curriculum?

It has led to a more multicultural curriculum.

Who argues that globalisation leads to a multicultural curriculum?

Holborn.

Why do schools teach about different cultures and religions?

To reflect a diverse society beyond the dominant White and Christian culture.

What percentage of Britain is White and Christian according to the slide?

White: 81%, Christian: 11%.

Give examples of multicultural education in schools.

RE teaches world religions (e.g. Hinduism, Islam) and Geography teaches indigenous cultures.

How has globalisation increased focus on equality in education?

It has increased emphasis on equality for groups such as SEN, FSM and EAL students.

How does Ofsted relate to globalisation and equality?

Ofsted evaluates the performance of vulnerable groups in schools.

What is a criticism of the multicultural curriculum?

It may present groups as separate rather than promoting shared human values.