Unit 1 - Functional Anatomy: Pelvis and Hip

Flashcards covering the osteology, joints, muscles, neurovasculature, and clinical perspectives of the pelvis and hip based on the lecture material.

Hip bone / Coxal bone

A bone composed of three distinct portions: the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Sacrum

A structure located between the 5th lumbar vertebrae and the coccyx, composed of five sacral vertebrae.

Ilium

A region of the pelvis featuring landmarks such as the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), and greater sciatic notch.

Ischium

The posteroinferior part of the hip bone, characterized by the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity.

Pubis

The anterior part of the hip bone, including the pubic tubercle and the pubic symphysis.

Acetabulum

The socket formed by the combined ilium, ischium, and pubis that articulates with the head of the femur.

Femur

The longest bone in the body, providing structural support for the thigh.

Linea aspera

A prominent longitudinal ridge located on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft.

Patella

A sesamoid bone embedded in a tendon that protects and improves tendon function while stabilizing the anterior knee.

Tibia

The primary weight-bearing bone of the lower leg, serving as a direct link between the knee and ankle.

Fibula

A slender bone of the lower leg that bears little weight and serves primarily as a site for muscle attachment.

Tiger Cubs Need MILC

A mnemonic for the bones of the foot: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms, and Cuboid.

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint

A synovial joint that stabilizes the pelvis under the strain of opposing forces.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

An inflammatory condition that begins in the SI joint and progresses into the vertebrae, causing fusion of skeletal structures and significant mobility limitations.

Hip Joint

A triaxial ball-and-socket joint that allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation.

Anterior Compartment of Thigh

A muscle group typically innervated by the femoral nerve, known for hip flexion and/or knee extension.

Iliopsoas Muscle

A muscle formed by the psoas major and iliacus muscles (distal to the inguinal ligament) that flexes the hip and trunk.

Sartorius

Known as the 'Tailor’s Muscle,' it originates at the ASIS and performs hip flexion, abduction, external rotation, and knee flexion.

Rectus Femoris

A member of the quadriceps group that originates at the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and performs hip flexion and knee extension.

Vastus Lateralis

The largest part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group, originating at the lateral lip of the linea aspera.

Adductor Magnus

A medial compartment muscle innervated by the obturator and sciatic nerves; its posterior part is sometimes called the '4th Hamstring.'

Pectineus

A transitional muscle from the anterior to medial compartment that performs hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.

Gracilis

A medial compartment muscle that adducts the hip and performs internal rotation, inserting at the pes anserinus.

Pes Anserinus

Meaning 'goose foot' in Latin, it is the shared tendinous insertion for the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus muscles on the proximal medial tibia.

Femoral Triangle Borders

Superiorly bounded by the inguinal ligament, medially by the adductor longus, and laterally by the sartorius muscle.

NAVL

The contents of the femoral triangle: femoral Nerve, femoral Artery, femoral Vein, and Lymphatics.

Adductor Canal

An intermuscular passageway running under the sartorius from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus that delivers femoral vessels to the popliteal fossa.

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)

A surgical procedure that replaces both the femoral head and the acetabulum.

Hemiarthroplasty

A surgical procedure that replaces only the femoral head.