flashcards

Hedley Bull

Wrote 'Hobbes and International Anarchy' outlining that international politics resembles Hobbes's 'state of nature'.

Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher who described the natural condition of mankind, emphasizing how without a sovereign, life is filled with competition and preemptive violence.

Kenneth Waltz

Introduced the concept of neo-realism, arguing that the structure of the international system pushes states into similar behaviors.

John Mearsheimer

Proposed offensive realism, suggesting that great powers are driven to pursue power aggressively due to anarchy.

Robert Jervis

Analyzed how even defensive actions can appear threatening in an anarchic environment and how distinguishing offense from defense can mitigate conflict.

Robert Keohane

Argued that institutions persist and help reduce uncertainty in international relations, stabilizing interactions even without hegemonic leadership.

Alexander Wendt

Constructivist theorist who stated that anarchy is shaped by state interactions and the meanings those states construct.

Martha Finnemore

Identified how states learn behaviors from international norms, emphasizing that interests are shaped by societal influences.

Charles Lipson

Explored how democratic trust formed through transparency and shared norms results in democracies rarely engaging in conflict with each other.

Sebastian Rosato

Critiqued the mechanisms of democratic peace theory, arguing that the evidence supporting the theory is weaker than suggested.

Glenn Snyder

Described how alliances can exacerbate insecurity, contributing to the misperceptions leading to World War I.

Stephen Van Evera

Argued that military leaders' beliefs in offensive strategies contributed to the escalation of tensions pre-World War I.

G. John Ikenberry

Explored how postwar orders are designed by victors to ensure stability through institutions after major conflicts.

George Kennan

Advocated for the containment policy regarding the Soviet Union, predicting a long competition between the two powers.

Arthur Schlesinger Jr.

Argued that the Cold War resulted from reactive policies to Soviet expansion rather than aggressive intent by the U.S.

Sagan & Waltz

Presented contrasting views on nuclear proliferation, highlighting the stability provided by deterrence versus risks posed by domestic politics.

V. I. Lenin

Theorized that capitalism compels nations to imperialism for resource and market expansion.

Jack Snyder

Discussed how expansionist myths drive states to overextend and how this can undermine their security.

William Wohlforth

Posited that U.S. unipolarity is stable, preventing great power wars due to the absence of balancing capabilities.

Nuno Monteiro

Argued that unipolarity can lead to frequent conflicts as the hegemon seeks to maintain order and counter rising powers.

G. John Ikenberry (2008)

Proposed that China has the potential to rise peacefully within the existing liberal international order.

John Mearsheimer (2014)

Predicted that China's rise would be conflictual, driven by competition for regional hegemony.

Michael Walzer

Outlined conditions under which humanitarian interventions are justified while recognizing the limitations of sovereignty.

Daniel Philpott

Examined the evolution and defining characteristics of state sovereignty across history.

Robert Pape

Analyzed suicide terrorism as a rational strategy aimed at compelling democracies to withdraw from occupied territories.

John Mueller

Argued that the terrorist threat is often exaggerated due to political and media influences.

Grieco & Ikenberry

Discussed comparative advantage as the basis of trade theory, emphasizing domestic politics' role in shaping policies.

Ronald Rogowski

Analyzed how trade exposure influences domestic political alliances and the dynamics of trade liberalization.

Barry Eichengreen

Proposed that international monetary stability is best achieved under the leadership of a hegemon.

Peter Gourevitch

Argued that domestic political coalitions determine states' economic policy choices.

Jeffry Frieden

Explained how preferences for exchange rate systems reflect diverse economic interests among sectors.

Adam Dean (2015)

Identified that strong labor unions often support protectionist measures to maintain wages.

Adam Dean (2015)

Discussed how profit-sharing can align worker and corporate interests regarding trade.

Milner & Kubota

Analyzed why democracies engage in liberalization due to voter preferences for lower prices.

Adam Dean (2022)

Explored how states suppress labor rights to attract foreign investment in a context of political control.

Kapur & McHale

Highlighted the benefits of migration through remittances and skills for developing states.

Susan Strange

Discussed the evolving power dynamics between states and multinational corporations in global governance.

Paul Krugman

Argued that sweatshops might raise living standards despite their poor working conditions.

Jeffrey Williamson

Analyzed how historical patterns of globalization have contributed to rising inequality.

Barton et al.

Described the GATT-WTO system as a framework that stabilizes international trade and cooperation.

Colgan & Keohane

Critiqued the liberal order's benefits, showing it favors elites over workers and calling for reform.

Dani Rodrik

Claimed that attempts to compensate trade losers politically have largely failed.