Motor Speech Disorders (Study Guide)

5 Speech Domains/Systems

Respiration, Phonation, Resonance, Articulation, Prosody

What are the TWO general types of MSDs

Dysarthria & Apraxia of Speech

What are the 6 types of dysarthria not including mixed or undetermined?

Flaccid, Spastic, Ataxic, Hypokinetic, Hyperkinetic, Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron

Where is the Flaccid dysarthria localization (where damage occurs)

Lower Motor Neuron (LMN)

Where is the Spastic dysarthria localization (where damage occurs)

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN)

Where is the Ataxic dysarthria localization (where damage occurs)

Cerebella System

Where is the Hypokinetic dysarthria localization (where damage occurs)

Extrapyramidal System

Where is the Hyperkinetic dysarthria localization (where damage occurs)

Extrapyramidal System

Where is the Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron dysarthria localization (where damage occurs)

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron

What are the Neurological specific/neuromuscular conditions of Flaccid Dysarthria?

Weakness, Hypotonia, Muscle Atrophy, Fasciculation

What are the Neurological specific/neuromuscular conditions of Spastic Dysarthria?

Weakness, Limited ROM, Slowness of movement

What are the Neurological specific/neuromuscular conditions of Ataxic Dysarthria?

Inaccurate Movement, Slow Movement, Hypotonia

What are the Neurological specific/neuromuscular conditions of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

Slow movement, Limited ROM, Rigidity, decrease in automatic movements

What are the Neurological specific/neuromuscular conditions of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria?

Quick Involuntary movements, variable tone

What are the Neurological specific/neuromuscular conditions of Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria?

Upper motor neuron weakness, incoordination, or spasticity

What are the 6 things to consider when assessing how movement is affected?

RATSSS-

Range, Accuracy, Tone, Strength, Speed, Steadiness

What are complications associated with MSDs?

Communication problems, social difficulties, depression/low QOL

Define Communication

sending & receiving of information

Define Language

A rule governed communication system

Define Speech

Production or execution that is made up of phonetics (sounds)

What is speech

interface between language (thoughts/ideas) and decodable sound energy we produce (acoustics)

What are the 3 things needed to speak?

Cognitive-linguistic= intent & rules

Motor speech planning/programming/control= organized verbal message

Neuromuscular execution= respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, resonance combo

What are the subsystems of speech production

Respiratory- Lungs & diagram

Phonatory-Larynx

Resonatory-Oral & Sinus cavity

Articulatory- Oral cavity

Prosody- involves mulitple subsystems!