Science 10 Biology

Flashcards covering key concepts related to DNA structure and function, including definitions and important processes.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a set of instructions for how the cell functions, what it produces, and when it will die.

DNA is a two-stranded molecule that is a ___________

double helix structure composed of nucleotides.

the strands are _____, meaning they go in opposite directions

anti-parallel

Nucleotide

The building blocks of DNA, made of three parts: phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogen base.

the order of these nucleotides is an organism’s DNA sequence or ____

genetic code

Complementary base-pairing

The process where bases on one DNA strand connect with bases on the other strand (A pairs with T, C pairs with G).

what is the A and T pairing

Adenine and thymine

what is the c and g pairing

cytosine and guanine

Chromatin

The form DNA is usually in, coiled tightly into X-shaped chromosomes during cell division.

Chromosomes

Structures that hold DNA; humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.

Gene

Small segments of DNA located on a chromosome that store information needed to produce proteins.

specialised proteins called _________ and _______ carry out important specific functions in the body

enzymes and hormones

before a cell divides, it must make two copies of DNA, so that ______

each daughter cell receives the same amount of DNA

because DNA is double stranded, it aids in its own replication by serving as a _______

template for the new strand

__________ help in the replication process

enzymes

step one to DNA replication

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides that correspond to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Transcription

The process of copying DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Translation

The process by which ribosomes read mRNA codes to synthesize proteins.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a single-stranded nucleic acid involved in the synthesis of proteins.