Human Disease

Epicardium

Outermost layer of the heart wall

Myocardium

Second layer of the heart wall

Endocardium

Innermost layer of the heart wall

Auscultation

Listening to the sounds of the heart, lungs, arteries, and abdomen

Doppler

Ultrasound used to evaluate blood flow

Claudication

Pain, cramping, or fatigue in the lower limbs

Endarterectomy

Surgery to remove plaque from arteries

Diaphoresis

Excessive sweating

Tachycardia

Rapid heart rate

Tachypnea

Rapid breathing

Dyspnea

Shortness of breath

Petechiae

Small, flat, painless red or purple dots on skin

Analgesic

Pain-relieving drug

Exsanguination

Loss of circulating blood

Ecchymosis (of purpura)

Bruising

Loss of elasticity and thickening of artery wall

Arteriosclerosis

Deposition of fatty material in artery walls

Atherosclerosis

Plaque in arteries supplying blood to the legs causing claudication

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

Weakening in artery wall leading to bulge or rupture

Aneurysm

Narrowing of arteries that supply blood to the myocardium

Coronary Artery Disease

Heart fails to pump adequate blood supply

Congestive heart failure

Heart muscle becomes dilated, enlarged, thin, and flabby

Cardiomyopathy

Inflammation of veins

Phlebitis

Clotting in vessels of legs, thighs, or pelvis

Thrombophlebitis