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Arrhenius Acid
Donates H⁺
Arrhenius Base
Makes OH-
Brønsted-Lowry Acid
Gives H+
Brønsted-Lowry Base
Takes H+
Lewis Acid
Takes electrons
Lewis Base
Gives electrons
pH formula
−log[H+]
pOH
−log[OH−]
pH+pOH
adds to 14
[H+][OH−]=
1.0×10−14
conjugate acid
The substance formed when a base gains an H⁺ (proton)
conjugate base
The substance formed when an acid loses an H⁺ (proton).
Enthalpy (ΔH)
Heat energy absorbed or released during a reaction.
Negative ΔH
Exothermic; heat released.
Positive ΔH
Endothermic; heat absorbed.
Endothermic
Absorbs heat; ΔH > 0.
Exothermic
Releases heat; ΔH < 0