RADSCI 313 Test 3

B

A vertebral compression fracture is best described as a ______ bone.

a. snapped

b. condensed

c. ruptured

 d. shattered

D

An adult vertebra is made up of which of the following?

1. vertebral body

2. vertebral arch

 3. spinous process

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

B

The ______ is the oval-shaped structure attached anteriorly to the vertebral arch that protects the spinal cord.

a. superior end plate

b. vertebral body

 c. inferior end plate

 d. spinal nerve

B

Most vertebral compression fractures occur in the ______ region of the vertebral column.

a. cervical

b. thoracolumbar

c. sacral

d. coccygeal

C

What is the predominant cause of vertebral compression fractures?

a. trauma

b. cancer

c. osteoporosis

d. infection

D

A T-score between -1 and -2.5 is defined by the World Health Organization as:

a. osteoarthritis.

b. osteomalacia.

c. osteoporosis.

d. osteopenia.

A

Which of the following are risk factors for developing a vertebral compression fracture?

1. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2. impaired eyesight

3. obesity

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

C

Which of the following is not an effect of severe kyphosis?

a. pulmonary impairment

b. protruding abdomen

 c. back sores

d. poor nutrition

B

Which part of the population is most likely to experience a vertebral compression fracture?

a. men

b. postmenopausal women

c. African American women

d. young adults

A

Which diagnostic imaging examination is used most often to diagnose vertebral compression fractures?

a. lateral radiograph

b. magnetic resonance (MR) scan

 c. computed tomography (CT) scan

d. nuclear medicine bone scan

C

A ______ % decrease in vertebral height is needed to diagnose a vertebral compression fracture.

 a. 10

b. 15

c. 20

d. 25

B

Which imaging examination can help determine the condition of the spinal ligamentous complex and inform a surgical or interventional team of a fracture’s stability?

a. lateral radiograph

b. MR short tau inversion recovery

 c. helical CT scan

d. nuclear medicine bone scan

true

true or false: When a patient is ready, performing gentle exercises such as swimming or walking is recommended.

A

What could happen if a patient wears a brace for more than 3 months?

a. weakened core muscles

 b. tightened back muscles

c. additional vertebral compression fractures

d. altered posture

B

Before vertebral augmentation, which type of imaging is used to confirm a vertebral compression fracture and display possible disk, spinal cord, or soft tissue involvement?

a. lateral radiograph

b. MR scan

c. CT scan

 d. nuclear medicine bone scan

C

According to the article, during a vertebroplasty, the lateral and anteroposterior fluoroscopic images should display the ______ clearly for trocar position.

a. intravertebral foramen

b. balloon

c. pedicles

d. spreader

A

Which contrast agent is most often used in the cement for vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty?

a. barium sulfate

b. tantalum powder

 c. tungsten

 d. zirconium dioxide

B

The chances of restoring vertebral height are best when kyphoplasty is performed ______ the vertebral compression fracture occurrence.

a. within 3 weeks of

 b. within 3 months of

 c. after 3 months have passed since

d. after 6 months have passed since

D

According to the American College of Radiology and collaborating societies, which is not an indication for vertebral augmentation?

a. failure of medical therapy to ease symptoms

b. vertebral bodies weakened by neoplasm

c. symptomatic fracture

d. prevention of future fractures

false

true or false: Patients with herniated disks and scoliosis can be treated with kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty.

D

The hormone-secreting gland that results from a ruptured ovarian follicle is known as the:

a. paraurethral gland.

b. pituitary gland.

c. hypothalamus.

d. corpus luteum.

B

Spermatogenesis occurs in which of the following structures?

a. seminal vesicles

b. seminiferous tubules

c. epididymis

d. vas deferens

D

Which of the following promotes growth of interstitial cells in the testes and stimulates secretion of testosterone in men?

a. gonadotropin-releasing hormone

b. progesterone

c. estrogen

d. luteinizing hormone

B

Ovulation typically occurs during which day of a woman’s 28-day cycle?

a. 7

b. 14

c. 21

d. 28

C

In which structure does fertilization typically take place?

a. vagina

b. ovary

c. fallopian tube

d. uterine body

A

Which of the following are contraindications to hysterosalpingography (HSG)?

1. pregnancy

2. active menstrual bleeding

3. intrauterine fibroid

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

B

HSG typically is performed during which days following the onset of menstruation?

a. 1 to 5

b. 7 to 10

c. 14 to 20

d. 21 to 28

B

Which of the following might help reduce cramping caused by contrast media injection during HSG?

a. prednisone

b. ibuprofen

c. diphenhydramine

d. corticosteroid

A

Which of the following is the most common abnormality found in subfertile men?

a. varicocele

b. azoospermia

c. vassal obstruction

d. retrograde ejaculation

B

Which of the following maneuvers can help demonstrate prominent veins during color Doppler ultrasonography for varicocele evaluation?

a. Heimlich

b. Valsalva

c. Müeller

d. Adson